Pandemic/outbreak response using big data analytics to help in contact tracing and population health response
The table is not exhaustive, but the diversity of topics researched shows the profession recognizes the value and challenges of digital technologies. Given the evidence, for the profession to make further progress we recommend five areas for focused and immediate action. These recommendations should be qualified in light of regional context and professional background owing to global heterogeneity in nursing and the inclusion of digital technologies into healthcare.
We must urgently create educational opportunities at undergraduate and graduate levels in informatics, digital health, co-design, implementation science, and data science. 39 These should include opportunities to work with and learn from computing, engineering, and other interdisciplinary colleagues. For instance, nursing will need a critical mass of practitioners who understand how to use data science to inform the creation of nursing knowledge to support practice. 40 These practitioners will also need savviness and courage to lead the development of new models of patient care enabled by digital technologies. 41 42
Determining how, where, and why technology like AI should be used to support practice is of immediate interest and a growing competency requirement in health sciences and informatics education. 43 Nursing education should evolve its competencies and curriculums proactively for the increasing use of digital technologies in all areas of practice 39 while incorporating novel pedagogical approaches—for example, immersive technologies such as virtual and augmented reality—to deliver aspects of simulation based education. 44 45
Recently, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing released core competencies for nursing education, explicitly identifying informatics, social media, and emergent technologies and their impact on decision making and quality as critical to professional practice. 46
All levels of nursing leadership must advocate more actively for, and invest resources in, a profession that is both complemented and extended by digital technology. The profession needs to evolve its use of digital technology by continuing to champion and support nurses to become knowledgeable in, and generate new scientific knowledge on, data analytics, virtual models of care, and the co-design of digital solutions with patients, differences across contexts and regions permitting.
Advancement of leadership competencies in existing informatics technologies, such as clinical decision support systems, electronic health records, and mobile technologies, is also essential: these kinds of systems will undoubtedly come with increasing levels of AI functionality. Possessing a critical mass of nursing leaders who understand the intended and unintended consequences as well as opportunities of these kinds of technologies is vital to ensure the quality and safety of nursing.
The increasing presence and recognition of the importance of chief nursing informatics officers is a step in the right direction. 47 Further, providing opportunities for nurses of all specialties to contribute to the development and implementation of digital health policies, locally and nationally, could increase future use of digital technologies in nursing.
The influence of AI on human decision making and labor are areas in need of immediate inquiry to support nursing practice for the next decade and beyond. AI technologies could provide the profession with huge benefits in data analytics and advanced clinical decision support.
Although many of the purported potential benefits of AI (eg, improved patient outcomes, streamlined workflow, improved efficiency) have yet to be fully shown in nursing research, 6 it is inevitable that AI technologies will be used more regularly to support and extend nurses’ cognitive, decision making, and potentially labor functions. 15
These opportunities bring new and dynamic practice considerations for nursing and interprofessional expertise. One example relates to the potential automation of inequity and injustice within systems and decision support tools containing AI 48 49 : self-evolving algorithms in systems sometimes unintentionally reinforce systemic inequities found in society.
Increased use of AI also brings novel policy, regulatory, legal, and ethical implications to the fore. The nursing profession must examine its role, processes, and knowledge against emerging ethical frameworks that explore the opportunities and risks that AI and similar innovations bring, while advocating for patient involvement in AI development and application. Floridi and colleagues offer tenets regarding AI development and the ethical considerations in using such innovations in their call to develop AI technology that “secures people’s trust, serves the public interest, and strengthens shared social responsibility.” 50 They also advocate that as guiding principles, AI should be used to enhance human agency, increase societal capacities, cultivate societal cohesion, and enable human self-realization, with an emphasis on instilling and reinforcing human dignity. 50 Further research, funding, and thought leadership in this domain are needed to help support the development of new practice policy, regulatory frameworks, and ethical guidelines to guide nursing practice.
The profession must reframe how nurses interact with and care for patients in a digital world. The sheer variety of “do-it-yourself” health and wellness applications (eg, personalized genetic testing services, virtual mental health support), mobile and social media applications (eg, mHealth, wearables, online communities of practice) and other virtual healthcare (eg, telemedicine, virtual consultations) options available to consumers is impressive.
All this may seem antithetical toward the traditionally espoused nursing role—therapeutic relationships in physical interactions—but patients are increasingly empowered, connected to the internet, and demanding personalized or self-management healthcare models that fit their busy and varied lifestyles.
To maximize its impact on patient care, the profession should continue to develop virtual care modalities that exploit internet and mobile technology, drawing on its experiences with telehealth and remote models of care. 51 These care models might also be extended through virtual or augmented reality technologies or integrated with assisted living or “smart home” systems, 52 and potentially other precision and personalized healthcare solutions that leverage genomic and other biometric data.
Care approaches, interpretations of privacy, and technological interoperability functionalities should be co-designed among the interprofessional healthcare team, patients, and carers 53 and available where patients want them, ideally in both physical and digital realms. Deeper discussions and scientific research regarding access, cost, electronic resource use or wastage, and equity implications of the increasing digitalization of nurse-patient relationships will also need to be thoroughly explored.
The profession requires a cultural shift. Its membership and leadership must demand the evolution of digital systems better to meet contemporary and emerging needs.
Too often, technology to support nursing is poorly configured, resourced, or not upgraded to respond to practice and societal trends. Nurses still commonly use practice systems that are lacking basic usability (eg, contributing to alert fatigue, reinforcing disruptive workflow processes) or generate added documentation burdens because of poor configuration and optimization. 54
There is huge variation globally in access to, integration of, and sustainability of digital technology. 55 56 57 Solutions vary and are context specific. Renewed awareness of digital technology’s use brought about by the covid-19 pandemic offers an impetus for change that nurses should embrace.
Tasks undertaken by nurses that do not add enough value to patient care present opportunities for partial or full divestment, 58 and may be better integrated into future technology enabled processes or delivered by other care providers.
The profession should revisit cultural interpretations of how technology such as drones, robots, and other AI enabled systems can be considered complementary to nursing practice and process, rather than as competition or adversaries. Collaboration with technology developers, providers, and patients will be essential to ensure success.
Although some outdated nursing activities and processes made redundant or less relevant will likely be missed by some in the profession, digital technology provides opportunities to support new models of care and approaches to nursing practice. We must not allow cultural and historical interpretations of nursing to upend or impede progress.
Nurses entering the profession today will undoubtedly witness substantive disruption and change from digital technology by the time they are mid-career. 59 Without immediate action, the nursing profession stands to miss a remarkable opportunity to generate new roles, knowledge, and relationships within future health systems and societies saturated by digital technologies.
Nursing will continue to offer value and importance to healthcare systems in the coming decades. However, the profession must consider its role, knowledge, and relationships with technologies and patients to remain relevant in digitally enabled societies and healthcare systems and continue to provide compassionate care in a digital world. Without proactive strategic self-reflection, planning, and action, nursing will fail to control its trajectory across the chasm separating the past, present, and future of practice.
Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and have no relevant interests to declare.
Provenance and peer review: Commissioned; not externally peer reviewed.
This article is part of a series commissioned by The BMJ for the World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH). The BMJ peer reviewed, edited, and made the decision to publish. The series, including open access fees, is funded by WISH.
James colson dnp, rn.
Nursing informatics is at the forefront of a healthcare revolution, where technology and data-driven solutions are enhancing patient care, streamlining processes, and optimizing healthcare outcomes. It’s a dynamic field that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
In this article, I explore Nursing Informatics Topics and Nursing Research Paper Examples on Nursing Informatics and Technology. Nursing Research Questions on Nursing Informatics and Technology. We also cover PICOT questions examples, nursing research questions examples, EBP &, nursing research paper topics and nursing essay topic ideas about Nursing Informatics and Technology.
Picot questions examples on nursing informatics and technology.
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Nursing informatics and technology have become essential components of modern healthcare, enhancing patient care, safety, and efficiency. From electronic health records and telehealth to wearable devices and predictive analytics, technology is transforming the nursing profession.
The capstone project ideas, PICOT questions examples, evidence-based practice project ideas, research paper topics, and research questions in this article are valuable resources for nursing students and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge and contribute to the field of Nursing Informatics and Technology.
1. What is the role of nurses informatics in regard to the technology?
Nursing informatics is the specialty that transforms data into needed information and leverages technologies to improve health and health care equity, safety, quality, and outcomes.
2. How might nursing informatics align with technology?
Develop data structures and software tools for nurses to use. Keep electronic health records aligned with best practices for data management, processing and organization.
3. Who defines nursing informatics as the use of computer technology to support nursing?
Hebda (1998), defines nursing informatics as the use of computers technology to support nursing, including clinical practice, administration, education and research.
4. What are the three components of nursing informatics?
The three components of nursing informatics are nursing, technology, and data acquisition/storage.
5. What are the barriers to nursing informatics?
One of the most common barriers in nursing informatics in healthcare is the lack of adequate financial resources.
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There are a lot of good Nursing Informatics essay topics that you can choose from. Here are good Nursing Informatics essay Topics to write about:
How nursing informatics can help improve patient care
The impact of nursing informatics on the future of health care
The role of nursing informatics in improving patient safety
The importance of nursing informatics in the modern era
Nursing informatics and the globalization of health care
The Effects of Nursing Informatics on Patient Care
The Role of Nursing Informatics in the Future of Healthcare
How Nursing Informatics will Impact the Profession in the Future
The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Safety and Quality of Care
The impact of technology on nursing informatics
The Role of Nursing Informatics in the Health Care System
The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Care
Advanced Nursing Informatics Tools and Techniques
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Here are Capstone Project Ideas for Nursing Leadership
The Future of Nursing Informatics
How nursing informatics is changing the way nurses care for patients
The impact of informatics on nursing practice
Advances in nursing informatics
Challenges faced by nurses in implementing informatics
The importance of informistics in healthcare delivery
Nursing informatics and patient safety
The role of informatics in research and development
Impact of nursing informistics on nursing education
Benefits of using information technology in the nursing setting
Nursing informastics and patient outcomes
The role of informatics in nurse staffing
Nursing informatics and clinical decision support
Applications of big data in nursing
Advances in sensor technology in nursing
Clinical decision support systems in nursing
Advancements in virtual reality and simulation tools for nurses
The impact of mobile technology on nurses’ work lives
Nursing informatics and patient care quality
Emerging trends in data mining and analytics for nursing
What are the main implications of nursing informatics?
Further read on 130+ Good nursing capstone project ideas to Write About
There are many different nursing informatics essay ideas to write about. Here are twenty of the most popular topics:
Still looking for a DNP capstone topic here are 80+ Strong DNP capstone project Ideas for NPs [+Prompts]
Nursing Informatics is a rapidly growing field that provides healthcare professionals with the information and tools they need to care for their patients more effectively. Here are Informatics topics for presentation to get you started:
Find out more on How to write DNP capstone project Methodology Chapter , How to write a DNP Capstone Project Literature Review , How to write a DNP capstone project chapter 1 – Introduction , and DNP Capstone project Abstract Examples [Outline & How-to]
Nursing Informatics is a rapidly growing field that is constantly evolving. As new technologies are developed, nurses need to be able to keep up with the latest changes and trends. Here are twenty nursing informatics essay ideas to help you get started:
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Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to examine and map the literature on defining and assessing nursing informatics competencies for nurses and nursing students.
Introduction: Over the past three decades, nursing informatics competency research has evolved markedly within countries and nursing roles. It is important to examine the available literature on defining and assessing nursing informatics competencies to inform education, clinical practice, policy, and future research.
Inclusion criteria: We considered literature that defined or assessed the concept of nursing informatics competency as a combination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. This included nursing informatics competencies of nurses and nursing students in a variety of health care or academic settings.
Methods: An extensive search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text via EBSCO, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO, ProQuest ERIC, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, ProQuest Australian Education Index, ProQuest Education Databases, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, OCLC PapersFirst, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. The initial search was conducted in May 2017 and updated several times. Nursing informatics websites were searched for gray literature, including unpublished research and organizational documents. Additional papers were identified based on a search of reference lists of all the included papers. Neither language nor date restrictions were applied. Two reviewers assessed each of the included papers independently. Data extraction was undertaken using an extraction tool developed specifically for the scoping review objectives.
Results: Fifty-two papers were included. Thirty-four papers identified nursing informatics competencies, grouped into four categories: i) nursing informatics competencies for students, entry-level nurses, or generalist nurses; ii) nursing informatics competencies for a specific nursing role; iii) recommendations for consensus on defining core nursing informatics competencies at the international level; and iv) forecasting future nursing informatics competencies as per evolving nursing roles. Eighteen papers reported on nursing informatics competency assessment tools. Results were discussed in a narrative format supported by tables.
Conclusions: This review provided insights to the state of the science on defining and assessing nursing informatics competencies for nurses and nursing students. Several nursing informatics competency lists are available, and despite some variations in domains of nursing informatics competency and indicator statements, they mostly share common themes. This literature demonstrates a heightened awareness of the importance of nursing informatics competency; however, the availability of many lists may be challenging for frontline nursing staff, nursing educators, administrators, researchers, and students to assimilate. Further research is needed to reach a consensus on core domains of nursing informatics competency and associated indicators, preferably per nursing roles, with international involvement and consensus. Additionally, while many nursing informatics competency assessment tools exist, further research is needed to examine psychometric properties of some of these tools.
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There are a lot of good Nursing Informatics essay topics that you can choose from. Here are good Nursing Informatics essay Topics to write about:
Here's What You'll Learn
How nursing informatics can help improve patient care
The impact of nursing informatics on the future of health care
The role of nursing informatics in improving patient safety
The importance of nursing informatics in the modern era
Nursing informatics and the globalization of health care
The Effects of Nursing Informatics on Patient Care
The Role of Nursing Informatics in the Future of Healthcare
How Nursing Informatics will Impact the Profession in the Future
The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Safety and Quality of Care
The impact of technology on nursing informatics
The Role of Nursing Informatics in the Health Care System
The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Care
Advanced Nursing Informatics Tools and Techniques
As you continue, thestudycorp.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us.
Here are Capstone Project Ideas for Nursing Leadership
The Future of Nursing Informatics
How nursing informatics is changing the way nurses care for patients
The impact of informatics on nursing practice
Advances in nursing informatics
Challenges faced by nurses in implementing informatics
The importance of informistics in healthcare delivery
Nursing informatics and patient safety
The role of informatics in research and development
Impact of nursing informistics on nursing education
Benefits of using information technology in the nursing setting
Nursing informastics and patient outcomes
The role of informatics in nurse staffing
Nursing informatics and clinical decision support
Applications of big data in nursing
Advances in sensor technology in nursing
Clinical decision support systems in nursing
Advancements in virtual reality and simulation tools for nurses
The impact of mobile technology on nurses’ work lives
Nursing informatics and patient care quality
Emerging trends in data mining and analytics for nursing
What are the main implications of nursing informatics?
Further read on 130+ Good nursing capstone project ideas to Write About
There are many different nursing informatics essay ideas to write about. Here are twenty of the most popular topics:
Still looking for a DNP capstone topic here are 80+ Strong DNP capstone project Ideas for NPs [+Prompts]
Nursing Informatics is a rapidly growing field that provides healthcare professionals with the information and tools they need to care for their patients more effectively. Here are Informatics topics for presentation to get you started:
Find out more on How to write DNP capstone project Methodology Chapter , How to write a DNP Capstone Project Literature Review , How to write a DNP capstone project chapter 1 – Introduction , and DNP Capstone project Abstract Examples [Outline & How-to]
Nursing Informatics is a rapidly growing field that is constantly evolving. As new technologies are developed, nurses need to be able to keep up with the latest changes and trends. Here are twenty nursing informatics essay ideas to help you get started:
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In the current dynamic healthcare system, providing quality patient care requires the deployment and integration of information technology within the healthcare system. As a result, competence in nursing informatics has become a core requirement for nurses because it enables nurses to combine nursing with technology to manage and integrate health information effectively” (Simamora, 2019). Ideally, competence in nursing informatics improves patient care by improving efficiency and performance in the healthcare system. As an LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) working in a nursing home, I aim to improve informatics competence in three key areas: knowledge, skills, and attitude. That is, to improve my knowledge of how information and technology skills improve nursing care, how to manage and apply information and technology in nursing, and appreciate the importance of continuous learning in technology skills. This paper discusses the rationale for choosing the competencies, my goals, and outcomes.
One way to improve my competence in nursing informatics is to learn why information and technology skills are essential in providing safe patient care. Improving knowledge in nursing informatics improves the quality of healthcare delivery because nurses are responsible for providing day-to-day care to patients. Nursing informatics has become an essential part of the healthcare system in recent years because of its efficiency and performance in healthcare delivery. However, the effectiveness of nursing informatics is not automatic. Its effectiveness depends on the competence of nurses. Simamora (2019) indicates that the reliability of an information system depends on the interrelationship between existing components. Besides the hardware and software used, nursing knowledge, skills, and attitude toward information systems influence the system’s effectiveness. Nursing knowledge of information systems improves nursing care as a high level of knowledge increases the ability of nurses to interpret data accurately and use interrelated systems. Simamora (2019) found that increased technology usage led to increased nursing information system requirements. Ideally, the use of information systems produced new sophisticated systems considered temporary to the sophisticated information produced. The study also found that the level of knowledge was associated with a higher level of effectiveness in nursing information systems.
Improving skills in managing and applying information and technology in nursing is another way of improving competency in nursing informatics. Improving information technology skills is relevant to nurses since data, information, and technologies are necessary for improving nursing care. In contrast, lacking these skills can lead to less optimal patient care outcomes (Chipps et al., 2022), such as decreased patient care and error in clinical practice. In older nurses, the level of education, several years worked, computer experience, and fear of technology may negatively affect their attitude towards technology use. However, training in IT skills can positively influence these attitudes. Chipps et al. (2022) further show that failure to offer formal informatics training can cause nurses to hate informatics because a lack of informatics competency and lack of knowledge of its relevance in nursing care negatively influences attitude. Improving my skills in managing data and applying IT skills will increase my competence.
Attitude plays a significant role in the adoption of technology. A positive attitude encourages the adoption of technology, while a negative one does not. Negative attitudes arise because of a lack of knowledge and skills in nursing informatics. Chipps et al. (2022) mention that one strategy to create a positive attitude toward nursing informatics is to offer formal training in informatics. However, with informatics, more than having a formal education is needed, given how technology is rapidly changing. Therefore, nurses need to learn new technologies to remain effective in care delivery continuously. Lera et al. (2020) indicate that lifelong learning is a qualitative indicator of health discipline as it improves health professionals’ skills and knowledge. The analysis of nurses engaging in lifelong learning showed that the reason for learning was to improve the nursing profession and nursing care.
As an LPN working in a nursing home, I aim to improve my knowledge, skills, and attitude toward computerized physician order entry (CPOE) to improve resident care. With the increasing adoption of nursing information systems (NIS) in residential care institutions, nurses need to increase their knowledge, skill, and attitude toward the system. CPOE is a system that enables health professionals to enter medical orders directly. The system also provides electronic charting that allows nurses to provide information quickly and efficiently, thus improving daily workflow (Alexander et al., 2020). Additionally, its ability to store information electronically ensures that information is available to all healthcare team members.
Improving my knowledge of CPOE is likely to take about one month. The expected outcomes at the end of the process are the ability to enumerate all the benefits of CPOE in healthcare organizations, especially in nursing homes, and enumerate all system components and their importance to nurses. However, learning the skills to order medications and perform electronic charting accurately is a complex process that would take a while before mastering it. The process will take approximately four months. The expected outcome of the process is being able to order medications and perform electronic charting. Changing my attitude towards lifelong learning is likely to take approximately five months because, at this time, I will appreciate the importance of nursing informatics in improving nursing care. Notably, this new knowledge, skills, and attitude toward nursing informatics will improve the quality of care and my professional growth as a nurse.
Competence in nursing informatics is critical to all nurses, irrespective of their specializations. The increasing importance of competence has surfaced due to the integration of information technology and nursing practice. The integration has benefited healthcare organizations by improving the efficiency and performance of healthcare professionals. The analysis shows that using nursing informatics in nursing care reduces sub-optimal care cases. However, while the technology is beneficial, its effectiveness depends on knowledge, skills, and attitude toward it. Therefore, this self-assessment has focused on improving knowledge, skill, and attitude toward implementing computerized physician order entry (CPOE) in nursing homes. The technology improves care delivery by allowing healthcare professionals to order medication electronically and perform electronic charting. These streamlined processes reduce errors, protect the information, and improve workflow, improving the quality of care.
Alexander, G. L., Georgiou, A., Doughty, K., Hornblow, A., Livingstone, A., Dougherty, M., … & Fisk, M. J. (2020). Advancing health information technology roadmaps in long term care. International journal of medical informatics , 136 , 104088.
Chipps, J., Le Roux, L., Agabus, J., & Bimerew, M. (2022). Nursing informatics skills relevance and competence for final year nursing students. Curationis , 45 (1), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2277
Lera, M., Taxtsoglou, K., Iliadis, C., Frantzana, A., & Kourkouta, L. (2020). Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Lifelong Learning via New Technologies. Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal , 5 (2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.31372/20200502.1088
Simamora, R. H. (2019). Socialization of information technology utilization and knowledge of information system effectiveness at Hospital Nurses in Medan, North Sumatra. International Journal of Advanced
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Introduction, the rationale for choosing the topic, how it will impact practice in a positive or negative manner, how informatics skills and knowledge were used in the process relevance to developing the assignment, recommendation.
The major role of nurse managers is to recruit and retain the nursing staff, oversee the activities of the nurses within a given health facility. However, the elimination of boundaries and the increased collaboration among nurse managers and nurses who deal directly with the patients. Nurse Managers facilitates the delivery of healthcare services by collaborating and managing the nurses who take care of patients. They also help patients and their families in implementing the treatment plan (Jacoby, 2017). Despite this, the role of nurse managers has been limited by numerous challenges such as the distance barrier between them and patients and the human resource tasks that they deal with. As a result, they lack sufficient information for use in quality service delivery. In this regard, the adoption of remote patient monitoring will help nurse managers collect health and medical information of patients and access them remotely for the use in high-quality service delivery.
Remote patient monitoring also helps in the early and timely detection of diseases and the deterioration of patients’ conditions (Jacoby, 2017). The use of new mobile digital devices in remote patient monitoring enables a real-time delivery of medical and health-related information to nurse managers who can then collaborate effectively in the designing of the appropriate treatment plan for patients based on the information received. Through remote monitoring devices, nurse managers and care providers can analyze the condition of patients to determine deterioration or improvements from a remote location. For example, care providers have successfully utilized remote patient monitoring among patients with chronic illnesses such diabetes, heart diseases, and cancer (Mohammadzadeh & Safdari, 2014).
Remote patient monitoring is vulnerable to networks issues and challenges, for example, during low internet speed, the delivery of healthcare services can be hindered, and this puts the life of patients at risk.
1. Jacoby, K. (2017, September 25). Remote Patient Monitoring Works for Health Plan Members and Care Managers. Retrieved from, http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/sponsored/remote-patient-monitoring-works-for- health-plan-members-and-care-managers
2. McAndrew, L. M., Napolitano, M. A., Pogach, L. M., Quigley, K. S., Shantz, K., Vander
3. Veur, S. S., Foster, G. D. (2013). The Impact of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose on a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention for Patients with Type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 39(3), 397-405.
4. Mohammadzadeh, N., & Safdari, R. (2014). Patient Monitoring in Mobile Health: Opportunities and Challenges. Medical Archives, 68(1), 57-60.
5. Vegesna, A., Tran, M., Angelaccio, M., & Arcona, S. (2017). Remote Patient Monitoring via Non-Invasive Digital Technologies: A Systematic Review. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health, 23(1), 3-17.
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Digital health plays a vital role in healthcare services. Governments in many countries, including China, are increasingly advocating for the appropriate use of digital technologies to address significant health system challenges. It is crucial to incorporate digital health education into the curriculum for future nurses to adapt to the changes in the digital medical system. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an online Digital Health and Informatics Course in China on the knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics, self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies, and satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students. The findings of this study provide recommendations for the design and implementation of future digital health education.
This study employed a one-group, quasi-experimental mixed-methods design with pre- and post-assessments. The participants received digital health and informatics education through six three-hour online sessions in six interactive days, with online self-learning materials in between. An online quiz and focus group discussions pre- and post the course were designed to evaluate the knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics. Also, a validated Chinese version of the Self-assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies Scale was conducted pre- and post-course to assess self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies. Additionally, all students were invited to participate in an online survey with a performance-focused course evaluation form as well as focus group discussions to gather their feedback on the learning experience and their evaluations of the course.
A total of 24 undergraduate nursing students were enrolled in the course. All students completed all sessions of this course, resulting in an attendance rate of 100%. Additionally, all students completed both pre- and post-assessments. In terms of the knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics, scores of the quiz on knowledge assessment improved from the pre-test [mean pretest score: 78.33 (SD 6.005)] to the post-test [mean post-test score: 83.17 (SD 4.86)] upon completion of the course ( P < 0.001). Also, students acknowledged that the course enhanced their knowledge and comprehension of informatics and digital health, the benefits of (nursing) informatics in clinical practice, and the role of health care professionals in informatics and digital health. In terms of self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies, scores on nursing informatics attitudes demonstrated significant improvement (P < 0.001). Furthermore, students reported high satisfaction with various aspects of this course, including the opportunity to explore broad horizons in informatics for future careers, engaging in group discussions, and analyzing case studies on the use of informatics and digital health in clinical practice.
This Online Digital Health and Informatics education effectively improved undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and comprehension of the key digital health and informatics topics, nursing informatics attitudes in the self-assessment of nursing informatics competency with high levels of satisfaction. In order to ensure that future education in digital health and informatics for nursing students is in line with the technological advancements in clinical settings, it is necessary to foster collaboration between medical school training and clinical practice. This collaboration should involve the use of clinical examples to illustrate advanced digital health applications and the inclusion of practical exercises on the use of digital health technology in clinical settings.
Peer Review reports
Digital health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the field of knowledge and practice associated with the development and use of digital technologies to improve health. Developments such as digitally mediated diagnosis and treatment, cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, block-chain, telehealth, and consumer-facing mobile health applications have enhanced the delivery of care for individuals across the spectrum of health promotion and disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation [ 1 , 2 ]. Digital health solutions are also recognized for their benefits in nursing practice, including integrating data records across various databases, providing electronic decision support and resources, and developing digital devices that facilitate remote monitoring and individuals’ positive behavior change [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, digital health applications have been noted as an innovative health solution that improves continued healthcare accessibility and streamlines public health action to stop the rapid spread of the crisis [ 6 , 7 ].
Governments in the United States, India, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and other countries have developed national digital health strategies, which outline a shared vision for addressing health priorities through the coordinated and strategic use of interoperable digital technologies [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. As the largest developing country, policymakers and healthcare experts in China have launched the national health strategy ‘Healthy China 2030’ [ 11 ]. This strategy recognizes digital health technology as an essential pillar to enhance disease self-management, as well as improving the accessibility and cost-effectiveness of care in (rural) China- where over 558 million people have access to mobile phones. According to the correspondence from the National Health Commission of China, as of August 2022, more than 1700 internet hospitals have been established nationwide [ 12 ]. In order to promote the appropriate use of digital technologies and therefore help address key health system challenges in general and in China in specific, it is important to enhance individuals’ understanding and use of digitally enabled approaches to care. This will ultimately lead to improved quality of care, better health outcomes and reduced medical costs.
Currently, numerous digital health technologies remain in the pilot stage and have not yet demonstrated their effectiveness or been successfully implemented on a larger scale in a real-world setting. The limited knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in utilizing new technologies and concerns regarding privacy, and security quality are significant obstacles to the adoption of digital health in clinical practice [ 13 ]. The Global Digital Health Strategy 2020–2025 of WHO emphasizes the importance of incorporating specific actions to ensure that all health professionals and allied workers, at all levels of formal education and informal training, receive education and training on digital health [ 14 ]. Developing high levels of digital health informatics competencies among health professional students will facilitate their understanding of the essential requirements for successful implementation of digital health [ 15 ]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop courses on digital health in medical schools to educate future HCPs on integrating digital health technological innovations and preparing them to adapt to future changes in the digital medical system within their workforce.
At present, many medical schools and research institutions worldwide have incorporated the digital health education into their curricula for the next generation of HCPs. For instance, digital health education programs were designed and implemented as mandatory or elective courses for bachelor or master health professional students at the University of Maryland-Baltimore, Vanderbilt University, Duke University, New York University, the University of Pittsburgh [ 16 , 17 ]. These programs cover a range of topics, including an introduction to health informatics, system design, implementation, evaluation, and policy and ethics in digital health.
While there has been an increasing amount of research on digital health education within the medical school curriculum in Western countries, a systematic review has shown that the literature on digital health courses often lacks comprehensive evaluation, and more evaluation and implementation research is recommended in low and middle-income countries [ 17 ]. Also, there is a lack of literature on this topic in the Chinese context. Health professional students in China have expressed a need for digital health knowledge and skills in their medical curriculum [ 18 ].
Nurses, as the largest group of HCPs, play a crucial role in the digital health transformation. It is important to enhance the readiness and education of the nursing workforce in digital health to provide effective, safe, and efficient patient care with the support of existing and emerging digital health technologies. Therefore, to prepare future nurses to meaningfully contribute to the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of digital health technologies in China, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of an online Digital Health and Informatics Course in China on undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics, self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies, and satisfaction. Based on the actual experiences of nursing students, our study will also provide recommendations for medical educators, medical universities, and health institutions to improve the design and implementation of digital health education in China and beyond.
This study employed a one-group, quasi-experimental mixed-methods design with pre- and post-assessments. The study focused on an online Digital Health and Informatics Course for undergraduate nursing students in China. All students who enrolled in the course at our university, a medical university located in Guangzhou, southern China, were invited to participate in the study. To be eligible, students had to agree to participate and successfully complete the six-week course. Students who expressed disinterest or were already engaged in other digital health learning or programs were excluded from the study.
Development of course.
A multidisciplinary team of experts in digital health, informatics, and the medical field was established at a medical university in Guangzhou, southern China. The team consisted of three nurses, two doctors, two health informatics specialists, and a teacher with extensive experience in designing and conducting medical courses for nursing students. The team held monthly meetings to discuss the development, implementation, and evaluation planning of the course.
The course was developed in three stages. Firstly, a comprehensive list of digital health and informatics areas was generated based on previous education in this field [ 16 , 17 ]. This list was used to define the most relevant topics for nursing students. Secondly, the team of eight experts reviewed the objectives, learning activities, and assessment tools for the course. Based on this review, a proposed course with five core topics was devised, which all eight experts agreed upon. Thirdly, the course procedure was enhanced by incorporating multimedia learning materials such as illustrations, photos, animations, and videos. This was in accordance with the Multimedia Learning Theory [ 19 ]. Through group meetings and discussions, the multidisciplinary team reached a consensus on the final course module and procedure.
The course was named as the Digital Health and Informatics course and was held at a medical university in Guangzhou, China, for eleven days in six weeks. Details of the overview and content of the course are shown in additional file 1 . The content of this course focused on five key topics: digital health informatics, nursing informatics, emerging technologies for eHealth solutions, patient data security and privacy, and eHealth. The timetable and focus of each topic are shown in Table 1 .
In the final week of the course, students were assigned group work-based learning activities to present a critical reflection on the following three questions:
Given the recent emergence and certification of health informatics professionals, will there continue to be a role for nurses in informatics within the next decade?
Should there be a specific professional designation for nurses with informatics expertise? What will the role of the Informatics Nurse look like in the future?
In the face of the evolving sophistication of technology, will there still be a need for nurses with informatics expertise?
During the group work, students were encouraged to read materials such as scientific papers and textbooks related to digital health and nursing informatics. Following each group’s presentation, the teachers provided feedback on students’ performance and on the material they were presenting, thus enabling them to review their strengths, areas that needed improvement, their development and learning, and to reconsider their learning processes.
For the Digital Health and Informatics course, teachers were eligible if they had extensive experience in digital health and informatics, software engineering, information management, and knowledge management. They were also eligible if they had previous teaching experience in software engineering and enterprise systems development, or if they had conducted wide-ranging research in the areas of information sharing, healthcare informatics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and digital health.
In this course, all lectures were delivered by two teachers, all of whom hold a Doctoral degree and have a proven academic or professional background in the fields of software engineering, artificial intelligence, and information systems, or digital health research, nursing, public health, and implementation science. Additionally, both teachers have obtained Teacher Qualification Certificates, which demonstrate that they possess the basic teaching skills necessary to perform educational and teaching activities in higher education. Furthermore, both teachers have in-depth knowledge of the course content, aligning with the course’s subject expertise. Moreover, they have more than three years of teaching experience and were extensively involved in digital health course planning and education administration. As a result, they are capable of delivering engaging online lessons, promoting interactive student online participation, and maintaining open discussions between students and teachers.
The course commenced on July 23, 2022. The students who enrolled in the course were sent a link via email. In order to take part in the study, they were required to provide informed consent and complete the electronic baseline questionnaires. Following each lesson, students were granted access to the course through various modalities, including offline and online access to downloadable lesson videos for offline viewing on their electronic devices. Participants had the flexibility to watch the modules in their preferred order. The course structure for each topic is outlined in Table 1 .
The assessment of the impacts of the course was conducted using a mixed methods approach to evaluate (1) knowledge and comprehension of the key digital health and informatics topics, (2) the self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies, and (3) the students’ satisfaction with the Digital Health and Informatics course. Table 2 summarizes the below-described outcome and outcome measurements.
The demographic questionnaire.
The questionnaire was used to collect students’ demographic data, including age, gender, year of bachelor study, and experience with nursing informatics use.
To evaluate the knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics, an online quiz with a total score of 100 points and focus group discussions pre-and post the course were designed.
The quiz consisted of a total of 25 choice questions that were developed by the multidisciplinary team of experts. These questions were considered important learning topics and were based on relevant lecture materials. Before finalizing the quiz, a pilot version was tested by ten nurses who had graduated from the same medical university within one year and had experience with digital health learning. The pilot test aimed to improve the content, length, and understandability of the quiz. The final version of the quiz focused on eliciting students’ knowledge and comprehension of digital health, health informatics, and nursing informatics including definitions, nursing’s early role, and nursing informatics competencies (see additional file 2 ).
In addition to the quiz, all students were invited to participate in focus group discussions pre- and post-course. The focus group topic lists were developed based on examples from similar studies and research team discussions. The focus group discussion questions aimed to assess participants’ knowledge and comprehension on informatics and digital health such as definitions and emerging technologies. The discussion also explored the importance of informatics and digital health as well as the role of nurses in nursing informatics and digital health implementation (See additional file 3 ).
All students were invited to participate in an online nursing informatics competency survey pre- and post-course. According to previous literature [ 20 ], nursing informatics competencies include not only computer-related skills, but also the knowledge and attitudes needed by nurses to complete specific informatics tasks. The online survey consisted of two parts (See additional file 4 ).
• Part one provided instructions for completing the survey.
• Part two included a validated Chinese version of the Self-assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies Scale (SANICS) [ 21 ] developed by Yoon [ 22 ]. The scale consisted of a total of 28 items, covering three domains: computer technology, information technology, and information knowledge. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Chinese version of SANICS was 0.931 [ 21 ]. Five-point Likert-type criteria was applied (1 = not competent; 2 = somewhat competent; 3 = competent; 4 = proficient; 5 = expert), with a higher total score indicating a higher level of nursing informatics competency. The Chinese version of SANICS items were categorized into 5 sub-scales: role of clinical informatics (Factor 1; items 1–5), basic computer knowledge and skills (Factor 2; 6–16), applied computer skills (Factor 3; 17–20), wireless device skills (Factor 4; 21–24), and nursing informatics attitudes (Factor 5; 25–28). The five domains and examples of items are presented in Table 3 .
Following the implementation of the course, all students were invited to join an online survey using a performance-focused course evaluation form (See additional file 5 ). The survey aimed to gather feedback on students’ learning experience and obtain specific comments regarding the course. Also, students were invited to take part in focus group discussions on the course evaluation. The focus group discussion questions were as follows:
“What do you like about the course?”
“What do you dislike about the course?”
“Do you have any suggestions on the future improvement of the course?”
Quiz and survey.
Prior to the study, participants were provided with information regarding the purpose of the study. They were asked to complete web-based questionnaires in the form of an online quiz, SANICS surveys, and course evaluation forms. The surveys were conducted between June and July 2022. A link containing a password to access the private survey questionnaires was sent to each student’s individual email inbox. Participants were informed that their participation in the study was voluntary and that choosing not to participate would not affect their learning or assessments. They were assured that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences or impact on their academic grades. Furthermore, their privacy and confidentiality would be protected, and all participants provided written consent to participate. Participation in the online poll was also voluntary and anonymous.
A total of five pre- and post-course focus group discussions were conducted with all students to explore their knowledge and comprehension of key topics in digital health and informatics, as well as their satisfaction with the course. The face-to-face focus group discussions were conducted by one researcher (HS, PhD, female). The interviewer had received training and possessed extensive experience in qualitative research. Each focus group discussion lasted approximately 50–60 min and was recorded with the participants’ consent. The recordings were later transcribed and used as textual data.
For the quantitative data, survey data were exported from SPSS version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) for analysis. After data cleaning, frequency descriptive statistics were utilized for categorical variables. Descriptive statistics such as the mean, standard deviation, median, and range of linear variables were calculated, along with frequencies and percentages of categorical variables. We compared the difference of the SANICS scores pre- and post-course using paired t-test analysis. P -values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
For the focus group discussion data, transcripts were imported into Atlas.ti for Windows version 7.5.18 (Scientific Software development, Berlin). Qualitative content analysis was performed inductively using the following steps: (1) open coding, (2) categorization, and (3) theming. Rigor was enhanced by repeatedly reading the transcripts, keeping a record of the analytic decision trail, and through crystallization with multiple researchers engaging in discussions of evolving categories and emergent themes. In terms of students’ knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics, related quotations were compared to identify the changes in the same themes extracted pre- and post-course. For instance, the theme of emerging digital health technologies was extracted from pre- and post-course focus group discussions. We will compare the differences in relevant quotations, such as whether students mentioned more types of technology after the course.
Additionally, based on the focus group discussion data and responses to two open-ended questions in the course evaluation form provided by students, we analyzed their evaluations and suggestions regarding the course. Data saturation was achieved as being the point at which no new or relevant information could be identified through the iterative, preliminary analysis of the data [ 23 ]. After the first two focus group discussions, a preliminary analysis using the proposed codes was performed, and a data saturation grid [ 23 ] was developed to determine if saturation was reached. The data saturation grid consists of a report of the occurrence of themes and codes (displayed in rows) during each focus group (displayed in columns) in a tabular format. In the grid, saturation is considered reached when the grid column for the current focus group indicates no new information emerged for that particular theme or code. We found that in the fifth focus group discussion, data saturation on all themes and codes was achieved (data saturation table included as additional file 6 ).
This study was assessed and approved by The University Ethics Committee of Guangzhou Medical University (Reference Code: L202303012). All methods were carried out per relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
A total of 24 undergraduate nursing students were enrolled in the course. All students completed all sessions of this course (attendance rate 100%) and pre- and post-assessments. Most participants (83.33%; n = 20) were in the 19 to 20-year age category. Also, 22 students (91.7%) were in the first or second year of their bachelor study. Additionally, students’ experience with nursing informatics was limited before launching the digital health and nursing informatics course, with only 41.7% of students having prior experience with nursing informatics system use.
Scores of the quiz on knowledge assessment improved from the pre-test [mean pretest score: 78.33 (SD 6.005) to the post-test [mean post-test score: 83.17 (SD 4.86)] upon completion of the course ( P < 0.001).
Furthermore, when analyzing the data from focus group discussions, three key themes emerged regarding nursing students’ knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics before and after the course. Overall, the students acknowledged that the course improved their understanding of informatics and digital health, the benefits of (nursing) informatics in clinical practice, and the role of HCPs in informatics and digital health. For instance, after the course, the theme of ‘Understanding of informatics and digital health’ was formulated based on constructs that emphasized the application of information management and analytical abilities, more guiding principles of nursing informatics and digital health use, and more emerging technologies of digital health compared with pre-course. Also, after the course, students highlighted detailed technologies for improving clinical practice. In addition, students noted the different types of informatics roles held by HCPs working in the field of informatics and the critical roles they play after the course. The main constructs frequently mentioned by students were summarized from the interview transcripts before and after the course, which were translated into English from colloquial Chinese, supporting these findings (Table 4 ).
Scores of students’ nursing informatics attitudes improved significantly after the course. There were no statistically significant changes observed in the scores of students’ competency including the role of clinical informatics, basic computer knowledge and skills, applied computer skills, and wireless device skills (Table 5 ).
All 24 Students responded to six questions regarding the effects of the digital health and informatics course (Table 6 ). A total of 50% of the students indicated that “I am now somewhat familiar with the concept of (nursing) informatics.” and 41.7% of the students indicated that“I am now really familiar with the concept of (nursing) informatics.” Also, a total of 83.3% of the students indicated that,“The learning made me more sensitive to issues related to (nursing) informatics”.
Furthermore, based on the focus group discussions and responses to two open-ended questions in the course evaluation form, three themes were generated including the pros and cons of the course, and suggestions for the course. Details are presented in Table 7 .
Digital health and informatics education is an unmet need to address the global shortage of health workers by promoting the adoption of digital health technologies among future HCPs. This study analyzed the impacts of an online digital health and informatics course for nursing students in China. Students reported improved knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics, nursing informatics attitudes in the measure of self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies, and high satisfaction with the course. Also, qualitative results showed notable advantages of the course, including the provision of a broader understanding of informatics for future careers, opportunities for engaging in group discussion, and case analysis on the use of informatics and digital health in clinical practice. The findings of this study provide recommendations for the design and implementation of incorporating digital health and informatics education into the course for health professional students.
Previous research has shown that an individual’s performance expectancy has an impact on their acceptance and use of information technologies in the workplace [ 24 ]. Our study highlights that improving education on the role of HCPs in health information systems, raising awareness of the impact of informatics, and introducing emerging digital health technologies in clinical care can potentially enhance the adoption of digital health technologies. This finding is consistent with previous research [ 25 ].
To ensure that students develop a comprehensive understanding of digital-enabled healthcare, we have designed this course to provide a broad and foundational education in digital health and informatics for undergraduate students. However, we did not observe significant improvements in students’ self-assessment of nursing informatics competencies in the areas of basic computer knowledge and skills, applied computer skills, and wireless device skills. This may be explained by that these domains are more practical aspects of competence in digital health and informatics. Online lectures may not be the most effective approach for developing practical competency, and real-life practice with digital innovation is necessary. Also, nursing students in our study expressed a need for more practice lessons on digital health use. Therefore, we suggest that nursing students should be exposed to specialized digital health innovation use to enhance their digital literacy in clinical decision support and quality improvement in future course development. This could include trainings on handling medical data and applying data in patient care. Also, case analysis should be incorporated to help students understand how technology and data are used in modern health and social care services, such as electronic medical records, telehealth, and mHealth.
Through a review and reflection of this online education, we have identified useful components of the course that can be applied to other educational programs. Firstly, our course utilized information communication technologies to enhance the quality, accessibility, and sustainability of education. Consistent with previous research [ 26 , 27 ], the online course offers significant benefits in terms of self-paced, self-directed, and personalized learning. Also, due to the adaptability of an online platform, this course can be easily and flexibly implemented in various settings within medical schools with minimal adjustments. Secondly, students reported that a valuable feature of the course is the group work. In our program, students with different levels of ability and readiness in groups worked together in groups to critically reflect on the role of HCPs in informatics and digital health, promoting interactive group work. Students may lack confidence initially. However, through continuous group cooperation, they were able to develop skills and make progress in the learning and building process. Third, given the distance-learning nature of our course, emphasis is placed on online collaboration tools; both formal and informal synchronous and asynchronous communication tools were used to facilitate communications between instructors, students, and members of student groups (e.g., chat rooms, video-conferencing software). Since each course was conducted online, an interactive class management system can provide students with access to course information, reading assignments, and electronic resources for their final presentation.
Most students are in the first or second year of their bachelor’s studies and have limited experience in the use of computers and wireless devices in clinical practice. Therefore, we recommend that digital health and informatics should be longitudinally integrated into a compulsory course throughout nursing education, with specific learning objectives and content for each year of nursing student education. Previous studies have shown that at the undergraduate level, students should be equipped with the necessary digital skills to practice medicine in a digital-enabled healthcare environment while also assuring the mastery of compassionate care and improving outcomes for patients [ 28 , 29 ]. Some studies have reported that digital health education should be provided earlier in the medical university curriculum such as in the first year, and that digital health-specific practice or clinical innovation use should be trained in the final year of health professional education [ 30 , 31 ]. Additionally, prior studies show that specialized digital skills, such as using digital health for specific clinical tasks in an interdisciplinary environment, should be taught in the advanced years of medical training when HCPs enter residency and train to become specialists [ 32 ]. Therefore, we suggest that future research should use the digital health competency framework, such as the International Medical Informatics Association Recommendations on Medical Informatics Education, to design and tailor education for the undergraduate health professional students.
Furthermore, we highlighted the value and significance of collaboration efforts between medical school training and clinical practice [ 33 ]; using clinical examples to explain more novel digital health applications, such as the application of artificial intelligence or big data in patient-centered care. To ensure that this course is aligned with the technological advances in clinical settings, training to improve digital competencies in students’ clinical practice is necessary. One way to achieve this is by incorporating a practical exercise on the use of digital health technology in the clinical setting, while also considering the need for patient privacy and liability concerns [ 34 ].
Nevertheless, several limitations need to be considered. Firstly, the main limitation of the study was that it was a single-arm study. This raises questions about whether the observed improvements in outcomes, such as knowledge, were solely due to the course or if other factors may have influenced the results. For example, students’ previous use of digital health and eHealth literacy levels could have potentially influenced their experience and evaluation of the course. This could have resulted in a bias in their responses towards course evaluation. Additionally, improvements in students’ learning outcomes could be attributed to the test itself, as factors such as participants remembering questions or the questions raising awareness and triggering learning after the pre-test may have influenced the results, independent of our course implementation. Therefore, future course evaluations should consider using a two-arm or Solomon four-group design. Secondly, this was a small study with a sample size of 24 students and may not be generalizable to all health professional students in China or a larger population. Also, study results report the nursing students’ subjectively experienced changes in nursing informatics competence, and no objective measures in this area were conducted. Therefore, self-reported data may be subject to bias, and may not accurately reflect the actual improved competency of the students. Additionally, the measurement of knowledge and comprehension of key digital health and informatics topics must be interpreted with caution since the quiz has not been validated. Furthermore, the duration of the course was only six weeks. The relatively short duration of the course may limit the depth of knowledge and competencies that students can acquire. A longer course with follow-up assessments could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term impacts.
Digital health and informatics education for future healthcare professionals is an urgent need to equip them to adapt to future digital medical system changes in their workforce. This Online Digital Health and Informatics education showed promising results for undergraduate nursing students in their knowledge and comprehension of the key digital health and informatics topics, nursing informatics attitudes in the self-assessment of nursing informatics competency, and satisfaction. To optimize the digital health course effect, future course developers should improve students’ basic knowledge and comprehension of digital health and informatics. Also, to enable the standard design and scale-up of effective digital health and informatics education for nursing students, collaboration between medical school training and clinical practice is needed to enhance students’ practical exercise on the application of digital health technologies in the clinical setting. We suggest that the content and teaching methods of this course may form a mandatory part of digital health education for health professional students and could be expanded to students in other contexts and countries.
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
World Health Organization
Coronavirus disease
healthcare professionals
Self-assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies Scale
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We would like to express our appreciation to the students for participating in our study and for their valuable responses.
This study is supported by the Guangdong Higher Education Teaching Research and Reform Program of the Department of Education of Guangdong Province (grant numbers: 01-408-2301062XM, 2023) and The Key Discipline Project (Nursing) of Guangzhou Education Bureau (grant numbers: 06-410-2001016, 2022).
Hongxia Shen and Chong Chen contributed equally to this work.
School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
Hongxia Shen, Chong Chen, Sijing Yan, Minyi Li & Ying Zhou
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
Hongxia Shen, Cynthia Hallensleben, Rianne van der Kleij, Huohuo Dai & Niels Chavannes
National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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HS, CC, SY, and ZY contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, writing original draft, reviewing, and editing. CH contributed to methodology, validation, reviewing, and editing. RK, ML HD and NC contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, reviewing, and editing.
Correspondence to Hongxia Shen or Ying Zhou .
Ethics approval and consent to participate.
Informed consent was obtained from all participants (all participants are older than 16), which was in the form of online questionnaires. The informed consent form described the purpose and method of data collection and ensured that the data would be kept confidential. The University Ethics Committee of Guangzhou Medical University approved the study (Reference Code: L202303012). All methods were carried out per relevant guidelines and regulations.
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Shen, H., Chen, C., Yan, S. et al. Online digital health and informatics education for undergraduate nursing students in China: impacts and recommendations. BMC Med Educ 24 , 803 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05785-5
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05785-5
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