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"Research Methods for Business Students" Chapter 4: Understanding research philosophy and approaches to theory development

  • In book: Research Methods for Business Students (pp.128-171)
  • Publisher: Pearson Education

Mark NK Saunders at University of Birmingham

  • University of Birmingham
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Research Methods for Business Students: Chapter 4 "Understanding research philosophy and approaches to theory development" -8th edition

Profile image of Alexandra  Bristow

2019, Research Methods for Business Students

****PLEASE NOTE THE FULLY REVISED AND EXTENDED CHAPTER FROM THE 9TH (2023) EDITION IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON ACADEMIA.EDU**** Learning outcomes: By the end of this chapter you should be able to: • define ontology, epistemology and axiology, and explain their relevance to business research; • reflect on your own epistemological, ontological and axiological stance; • understand the main research paradigms that are significant for business research; • explain the relevance for business research of philosophical positions such as positiv-ism, critical realism, interpretivism, postmodernism and pragmatism; • reflect on and articulate your own philosophical position in relation to your research; • distinguish between deductive, inductive, abductive and retroductive approaches to theory development.

Related Papers

Research Methods for Business Students (7th edition) Chapter 4

Mark N K Saunders , Alexandra Bristow

****PLEASE NOTE THE FULLY REVISED AND EXTENDED CHAPTER FROM THE 9TH (2023) EDITION IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON ACADEMIA.EDU**** This is the proof copy for Chapter 4 from the 7th edition, which was published in 2015. It is uploaded with full permission from Pearson. The chapter defines ontology, epistemology and axiology, and explain their relevance to business research; explains the main research paradigms that are significant for business research; • explains the relevance for business research of philosophical positions of positivism, critical realism, interpretivism, postmodernism and pragmatism; helps you reflect on and articulate your own philosophical position in relation to your research; Discusses and explains deductive, inductive, and abductive approaches to theory development. It also contains a tool developed by Alexandra Bristow and Mark Saunders called 'HARP' that will help you diagnose your own research philosophy.

research methods for business students 7th edition pdf

Research Methods for Business Students

This is the proof copy of the Preface, Contents pages and Chapter 4 from the 9th edition, published in March 2023. It is uploaded with full permission from Pearson. The chapter introduces the research onion, defines ontology, epistemology and axiology, and explain their relevance to business research; explains the main research paradigms that are significant for business research; explains the relevance for business research of philosophical positions of positivism, critical realism, interpretivism, postmodernism and pragmatism; helps you reflect on and articulate your own philosophical position in relation to your research; Discusses and explains deductive, inductive, and abductive approaches to theory development. It also contains a tool developed by Alexandra Bristow and Mark Saunders called 'HARP' that will help you diagnose your own research philosophy.

Alise Hawkins

A short essay on main business research philosophies

The Global Management Series

Kevin D O'Gorman

After many years of working with undergraduate, postgraduate and research students we recognise only too well the struggles that they often experience wrestling with the somewhat strange and seemingly obtuse language used to describe research philosophy. We once experienced similar difficulties and empathise with the confusion and lack of confidence that flows from being unclear whether you have really understood terms such as methodology, ontology or epistemology. We set out to produce a text that dealt with two problems. The first was to provide something that guides novice researchers through the whole process from identifying a topic to the writing up of findings via engagement with the literature and a brief overview of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The second problem we wanted to tackle related to what we often refer to as ‘the ologies’. Here we wanted to offer a structured approach to familiarising yourself with the terminology and to demonstrate how a nested set of descriptions builds towards a coherent, comprehensive and consistent articulation of your research paradigm. We are indebted to our colleagues for their help in delivering on the first of these two problems in the first edition of the book. This was achieved at a pace which seemed frankly ridiculous but which produced a remarkably coherent guide for novice researchers. Despite positive feedback on many aspects of the first edition from both students and colleagues, we were however convinced that we could improve in relation to ‘the ologies’. For this reason, the second edition features some relatively minor changes to many chapters and a complete rewrite of our account of research philosophy. Central to the revised text is the methods map (see Chapter 4), which sets out a logical process for researchers to articulate their position in relation to five key aspects of their research philosophy. We have road tested this approach with many colleagues and students to ensure that it is clear and concise. In addition, we have developed a free app to accompany the book and this enables novice researcher to quickly develop a comprehensive justification of their particular research design in an interactive way. We would acknowledge that the methods map makes some simplifications and would suggest that for all but the most sophisticated of purposes, this is entirely appropriate. Indeed, if you are well enough versed in the philosophical nuances of knowledge explored in the method map then you are probably not part of our intended audience since you already possess the skills, confidence and capacity to articulate and defend the underpinning philosophical assumptions of your research. For everyone else, we hope that the second edition of Research Methods for Business and Management helps demystify the dreaded ‘ologies’.

Management Decision

Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent

About this book It is now fourteen years since we collaborated in the writing of our first research methods book. In 2009 the fifth edition was published (Saunders et al., 2009). The success of that book suggests that research methods is a popular subject with business and management students. This may be so. But we think that it has more to do with the fact research methods is a complex areaone where it is easy to do things, but much less easy to do things right. When we planned the first book we had one overall mission in mind. That was to write a book in a way that came as near as possible to the way in which we taught our students. By this we mean that we wanted to be clear and straightforward, and explain things in a way that lost none of the complexity, or academic rigour of the subject. Over the years this mission has not altered. We feel just as passionate about clear communication as we did back in 1997. However, things in the world of business and management education have...

Marco Antonio Perez

Bartjan Pennink

Shailendra Bhowmik

This essay examines the philosophical considerations (Stokes & Wall, 2015) such as ontological, epistemological, axiological and paradigmatic basics in the context of management research by discussing and providing examples of inductive and deductive approaches.

ELANGOVAN N Christ (Deemed to be University) , Rajendran Raju

A conceptual model is a framework that is initially used in research to outline the possible courses of action or to present an idea or thought. When a conceptual model is developed in a logical manner, it will provide a rigor to the research process. This paper examines the process of building a conceptual model for business research. Conceptual models, being an intermediate theory, a suitable theory building process can be adopted for its development. The basic definitions of a theory, its elements and characteristics of a good theory are first understood and the different theory-building processes are evaluated. The various concepts are then synthesized and the process of conceptual model development is explained systematically with an illustration. This paper guides the researchers to develop a conceptual model with a good level of abstraction that establishes vigor in business research process.

Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies

Fauziah Sulaiman

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Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach

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research methods for business students 7th edition pdf

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Uma Sekaran

Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach 7th Edition

Common challenges faced by lecturers teaching this course include helping students learn to apply the theory to practice as they proceed with research; and student engagement in what can be a very dry course.  Challenges faced by students include understanding research methodology, and quantitative research methods in particular. The new 7th edition of this title considers these challenges and has evolved to offer a blended learning approach.  The goal of this blended approach is to synthesize different teaching and learning approaches into an integrated mix that lecturers can tailor to their own specific needs.  An innovative approach combines the face-to-face classroom methods of the instructor with computer-based activities, assignments, and assessments enable students to study what they want, when they want, at their own pace, anywhere they have access to the internet.  Students will be led through the entire process of research and thus provide them with the knowledge and skills they need to successfully embark on a research project. The seventh edition is organized into 5 main themes:  Introduction, Defining and Refining the Problem, Theory, Information, and Writing and Presenting the Research Report.

  • ISBN-10 1119165555
  • ISBN-13 978-1119165552
  • Edition 7th
  • Publisher Wiley
  • Publication date June 27, 2016
  • Language English
  • Dimensions 7.4 x 0.7 x 9.1 inches
  • Print length 448 pages
  • See all details

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From the inside flap.

  • Video material developed by the author, giving further explanation on difficult topics
  • PowerPoint slides for each chapter
  • Additional case studies
  • Lecturer test bank including multiple choice, true–false, short answer and essay questions
  • Over 250 quiz questions for students' self-study

From the Back Cover

About the author.

Dr Roger Bougie is Associate Professor in Business Research Methods, TIAS School for Business and Society (The Netherlands). TIAS is the business school of Tilburg University and Eindhoven University of Technology.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Wiley; 7th edition (June 27, 2016)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 448 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1119165555
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1119165552
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.57 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.4 x 0.7 x 9.1 inches
  • #71 in Business Research & Development
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Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach, 7th Edition

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