Online Language Dictionaries

regular model:
verbs ending in -e:

- model verb -s, -sh, -x, -o: +e -y>ie -X>-XX -ie: -ie>y -ee: +d invar. vowel: long>short i>ou [o,a]>e +t -k- -ay>aid -d>-t i>a, u >ed, -n a>u, i>u -ee_>-e_t >o_e, o_en >ed, -t -ake>-ook, -aken >-ought -ear>-ore, -orn -i_e>o_e, i_en

Firefox and Chrome users: install a shortcut ( or ) then type "conj essay" in your address bar for the fastest conjugations. It is conjugated like:
(to) essay
essaying
essayed




present
Iessay
youessay
he, she, itessays
weessay
youessay
theyessay
simple past
Iessayed
youessayed
he, she, itessayed
weessayed
youessayed
theyessayed
future
Iwill essay
youwill essay
he, she, itwill essay
wewill essay
youwill essay
theywill essay

Perfect tenses

present perfect
Ihave essayed
youhave essayed
he, she, ithas essayed
wehave essayed
youhave essayed
theyhave essayed
past perfect
Ihad essayed
youhad essayed
he, she, ithad essayed
wehad essayed
youhad essayed
theyhad essayed
future perfect
Iwill have essayed
youwill have essayed
he, she, itwill have essayed
wewill have essayed
youwill have essayed
theywill have essayed

Continuous (progressive) and emphatic tenses

present continuous
Iam essaying
youare essaying
he, she, itis essaying
weare essaying
youare essaying
theyare essaying
past continuous
Iwas essaying
youwere essaying
he, she, itwas essaying
wewere essaying
youwere essaying
theywere essaying
present emphatic
Ido essay
youdo essay
he, she, itdoes essay
wedo essay
youdo essay
theydo essay
past emphatic
Idid essay
youdid essay
he, she, itdid essay
wedid essay
youdid essay
theydid essay

Compound continuous (progressive) tenses

present perfect
Ihave been essaying
youhave been essaying
he, she, ithas been essaying
wehave been essaying
youhave been essaying
theyhave been essaying
past perfect
Ihad been essaying
youhad been essaying
he, she, ithad been essaying
wehad been essaying
youhad been essaying
theyhad been essaying
future
Iwill be essaying
youwill be essaying
he, she, itwill be essaying
wewill be essaying
youwill be essaying
theywill be essaying
future perfect
Iwill have been essaying
youwill have been essaying
he, she, itwill have been essaying
wewill have been essaying
youwill have been essaying
theywill have been essaying

Conditional

present
Iwould essay
youwould essay
he, she, itwould essay
wewould essay
youwould essay
theywould essay
perfect
Iwould have essayed
youwould have essayed
he, she, itwould have essayed
wewould have essayed
youwould have essayed
theywould have essayed
present continuous
Iwould be essaying
youwould be essaying
he, she, itwould be essaying
wewould be essaying
youwould be essaying
theywould be essaying
perfect continuous
Iwould have been essaying
youwould have been essaying
he, she, itwould have been essaying
wewould have been essaying
youwould have been essaying
theywould have been essaying
present
(you)essay!
(we)let's essay!
(you)essay!

Subjunctive

present
Iessay
youessay
he, she, itessay
weessay
youessay
theyessay
past
Iessayed
youessayed
he, she, itessayed
weessayed
youessayed
theyessayed
future
Ishould essay
youshould essay
he, she, itshould essay
weshould essay
youshould essay
theyshould essay

*Blue letters in conjugations are irregular forms. ( example ) *Red letters in conjugations are exceptions to the model. ( example )

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essay verb conjugation

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Grammar: Verb Tenses

Most common verb tenses in academic writing.

According to corpus research, in academic writing, the three tenses used the most often are the simple present , the simple past , and the present perfect (Biber et al., 1999; Caplan, 2012). The next most common tense for capstone writers is the future ; the doctoral study/dissertation proposal at Walden is written in this tense for a study that will be conducted in the future.

Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of written and spoken English . Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1162/089120101300346831

Caplan, N. A. (2012). Grammar choices for graduate and professional writers . University of Michigan Press.

Simple present: Use the simple present to describe a general truth or a habitual action. This tense indicates that the statement is generally true in the past, present, and future.

  • Example: The hospital admits patients whether or not they have proof of insurance.

Simple past : Use the simple past tense to describe a completed action that took place at a specific point in the past (e.g., last year, 1 hour ago, last Sunday). In the example below, the specific point of time in the past is 1998.

  • Example: Zimbardo (1998) researched many aspects of social psychology.

Present perfect: Use the present perfect to indicate an action that occurred at a nonspecific time in the past. This action has relevance in the present. The present perfect is also sometimes used to introduce background information in a paragraph. After the first sentence, the tense shifts to the simple past.

  • Example: Numerous researchers have used this method.
  • Example: Many researchers have studied how small business owners can be successful beyond the initial few years in business. They found common themes among the small business owners.

Future: Use the future to describe an action that will take place at a particular point in the future (at Walden, this is used especially when writing a proposal for a doctoral capstone study).

  • Example: I will conduct semistructured interviews.

Keep in mind that verb tenses should be adjusted after the proposal after the research has been completed. See this blog post about Revising the Proposal for the Final Capstone Document for more information.

APA Style Guidelines on Verb Tense

APA calls for consistency and accuracy in verb tense usage (see APA 7, Section 4.12 and Table 4.1). In other words, avoid unnecessary shifts in verb tense within a paragraph or in adjacent paragraphs to help ensure smooth expression.

  • Use the past tense (e.g., researchers presented ) or the present perfect (e.g., researchers have presented ) for the literature review and the description of the procedure if discussing past events.
  • Use the past tense to describe the results (e.g., test scores improved significantly).
  • Use the present tense to discuss implications of the results and present conclusions (e.g., the results of the study show …).

When explaining what an author or researcher wrote or did, use the past tense.

  • Patterson (2012) presented, found, stated, discovered…

However, there can be a shift to the present tense if the research findings still hold true:

  • King (2010) found  that revising a document three times improves the final grade.
  • Smith (2016) discovered that the treatment is effective.

Verb Tense Guidelines When Referring to the Document Itself

To preview what is coming in the document or to explain what is happening at that moment in the document, use the present or future tense:

  • In this study, I will describe …
  • In this study, I describe …
  • In the next chapter, I will discuss …
  • In the next chapter, I discuss …

To refer back to information already covered, such as summaries of discussions that have already taken place or conclusions to chapters/sections, use the past tense:

  • Chapter 1 contained my original discussion of the research questions.
  • In summary, in this section, I presented information on…

Simple Past Versus the Present Perfect

Rules for the use of the present perfect differ slightly in British and American English. Researchers have also found that among American English writers, sometimes individual preferences dictate whether the simple past or the present perfect is used. In other words, one American English writer may choose the simple past in a place where another American English writer may choose the present perfect.

Keep in mind, however, that the simple past is used for a completed action.  It often is used with signal words or phrases such as "yesterday," "last week," "1 year ago," or "in 2015" to indicate the specific time in the past when the action took place.

  • I went to China in 2010 .
  • He completed the employee performance reviews last month .

The present perfect focuses more on an action that occurred without focusing on the specific time it happened. Note that the specific time is not given, just that the action has occurred.

  • I have travelled to China.

The present perfect focuses more on the result of the action.

  • He has completed the employee performance reviews.

The present perfect is often used with signal words such as "since," "already," "just," "until now," "(not) yet," "so far," "ever," "lately," or "recently."

  • I have already travelled to China.
  • He has recently completed the employee performance reviews.
  • Researchers have used this method since it was developed.

Summary of English Verb Tenses

The 12 main tenses:

  • Simple present : She writes every day.
  • Present progressive: She is writing right now.
  • Simple past : She wrote last night.
  • Past progressive: She was writing when he called.
  • Simple future : She will write tomorrow.
  • Future progressive: She will be writing when you arrive.
  • Present perfect : She has written Chapter 1.
  • Present perfect progressive: She has been writing for 2 hours.
  • Past perfect: She had written Chapter 3 before she started Chapter 4.
  • Past perfect progressive: She had been writing for 2 hours before her friends arrived.
  • Future perfect: She will have written Chapter 4 before she writes Chapter 5.
  • Future perfect progressive: She will have been writing for 2 hours by the time her friends come over.

Conditionals:

Zero conditional (general truths/general habits).

  • Example: If I have time, I write every day.

First conditional (possible or likely things in the future).

  • Example: If I have time, I will write every day.

Second conditional (impossible things in the present/unlikely in the future).

  • Example : If I had time, I would write every day.

Third conditional (things that did not happen in the past and their imaginary results)

  • Example : If I had had time, I would have written every day.

Subjunctive : This form is sometimes used in that -clauses that are the object of certain verbs or follow certain adjectives. The form of the subjective is the simple form of the verb. It is the same for all persons and number.

  • Example : I recommend that he study every day.
  • Example: It is important that everyone set a writing schedule.

Verbs Video Playlist

Note that these videos were created while APA 6 was the style guide edition in use. There may be some examples of writing that have not been updated to APA 7 guidelines.

  • Grammar for Academic Writers: Common Verb Tenses in Academic Writing (video transcript)
  • Grammar for Academic Writers: Verb Tense Consistency (video transcript)
  • Grammar for Academic Writers: Advanced Subject–Verb Agreement (video transcript)
  • Mastering the Mechanics: Helping Verbs (video transcript)
  • Mastering the Mechanics: Past Tense (video transcript)
  • Mastering the Mechanics: Present Tense (video transcript)
  • Mastering the Mechanics: Future Tense (video transcript)

Related Resources

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Knowledge Check: Verb Tenses

Didn't find what you need? Email us at [email protected] .

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50 Verbs of Analysis for English Academic Essays

 Verbs of Analysis for English Academic Essays

Note: this list is for advanced English learners (CEFR level B2 or above). All definitions are from the Cambridge Dictionary online . 

Definition: to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause a change in someone or something.

Example: Experts agree that coffee affects the body in ways we have not yet studied.

Definition: to increase the size or effect of something.

Example: It has been shown that this drug amplifies the side effects that were experienced by patients in previous trials.

Definition: to say that something is certainly true .

Example: Smith asserts that his findings are valid, despite criticism by colleagues.

Characterizes

Definition: Something that characterizes another thing is typical of it.

Example: His early paintings are characterized by a distinctive pattern of blue and yellow.

Definition: to say that something is true or is a fact , although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it.

Example: Smith claims that the study is the first of its kind, and very different from the 2015 study he conducted.

Definition: to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation .

Example: The professor clarified her statement with a later, more detailed, statement.

Definition: t o collect information from different places and arrange it in a book , report , or list .

Example: After compiling the data, the scientists authored a ten-page paper on their study and its findings.

Definition: to judge or decide something after thinking carefully about it.

Example: Doctor Jensen concluded that the drug wasn’t working, so he switched his patient to a new medicine.

Definition: to prove that a belief or an opinion that was previously not completely certain is true .

Example: This new data confirms the hypothesis many researchers had.

Definition: to join or be joined with something else .

Example: By including the criticisms of two researchers, Smith connects two seemingly different theories and illustrates a trend with writers of the Romanticism period.

 Verbs of Analysis for English Academic Essays

Differentiates

Definition: to show or find the difference between things that are compared .

Example: Smith differentiates between the two theories in paragraph 4 of the second part of the study.

Definition: to reduce or be reduced in s i ze or importance .

Example: The new findings do not diminish the findings of previous research; rather, it builds on it to present a more complicated theory about the effects of global warming.

Definition: to cause people to stop respecting someone or believing in an idea or person .

Example: The details about the improper research done by the institution discredits the institution’s newest research.

Definition: to show.

Example: Smith’s findings display the effects of global warming that have not yet been considered by other scientists.

Definition: to prove that something is not true .

Example: Scientists hope that this new research will disprove the myth that vaccines are harmful to children.

Distinguishes

Definition: to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another.

Example: Our study seems similar to another one by Duke University: how can we distinguish ourselves and our research from this study?

Definition: to add more information to or explain something that you have said.

Example: In this new paper, Smith elaborates on theories she discussed in her 2012 book.

Definition:  to represent a quality or an idea exactly .

Example: Shakespeare embodies English theater, but few can understand the antiquated (old) form of English that is used in the plays.

Definition: to copy something achieved by someone else and try to do it as well as they have.

Example: Although the study emulates some of the scientific methods used in previous research, it also offers some inventive new research methods.

Definition: to improve the quality , amount , or strength of something.

Example: The pharmaceutical company is looking for ways to enhance the effectiveness of its current drug for depression.

 Verbs of Analysis for English Academic Essays

Definition: to make something necessary , or to involve something.

Example: The scientist’s study entails several different stages, which are detailed in the report.

Definition: to consider one thing to be the same as or equal to another thing.

Example: Findings from both studies equate; therefore, we can conclude that they are both accurate.

Establishes

Definition: to discover or get proof of something.

Example: The award establishes the main causes of global warming.

Definition: to make someone remember something or feel an emotion .

Example: The artist’s painting evokes the work of some of the painters from the early 1800s.

Definition: to show something.

Example: Some of the research study participants exhibit similar symptoms while taking the medicine.

Facilitates

Definition: to make something possible or easier .

Example: The equipment that facilitates the study is expensive and of high-quality.

Definition: the main or central point of something, especially of attention or interest .

Example: The author focuses on World War II, which is an era she hasn’t written about before.

Foreshadows

Definition: to act as a warning or sign of a future event .

Example: The sick bird at the beginning of the novel foreshadows the illness the main character develops later in the book.

Definition: to develop all the details of a plan for doing something.

Example: Two teams of scientists formulated the research methods for the study.

Definition: to cause something to exist .

Example: The study’s findings have generated many questions about this new species of frog in South America.

 Verbs of Analysis for English Academic Essays

Definition:   to attract attention to or emphasize something important .

Example: The author, Dr. Smith, highlights the need for further studies on the possible causes of cancer among farm workers.

Definition: to recognize a problem , need, fact , etc. and to show that it exists .

Example: Through this study, scientists were able to identify three of the main factors causing global warming.

Illustrates

Definition:   to show the meaning or truth of something more clearly , especially by giving examples .

Example: Dr. Robin’s study illustrates the need for more research on the effects of this experimental drug.

Definition: to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly .

Example: The study implies that there are many outside factors (other than diet and exercise) which determine a person’s tendency to gain weight.

Incorporates

Definition: to include something as part of something larger .

Example: Dr. Smith incorporates research findings from 15 other studies in her well-researched paper.

Definition: to show, point , or make clear in another way.

Example: Overall, the study indicates that there is no real danger (other than a lack of sleep) to drinking three cups of coffee per day.

Definition: to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have.

Example: From this study about a new medicine, we can infer that it will work similarly to other drugs that are currently being sold.

Definition: to tell someone about parti c ular facts .

Example: Dr. Smith informs the reader that there are some issues with this study: the oddly rainy weather in 2017 made it difficult for them to record the movements of the birds they were studying.

Definition: to suggest , without being direct , that something unpleasant is true .

Example: In addition to the reported conclusions, the study insinuates that there are many hidden dangers to driving while texting.

Definition: to combine two or more things in order to become more effective .

Example: The study about the popularity of social media integrates Facebook and Instagram hashtag use.

 Verbs of Analysis for English Academic Essays

Definition: to not have or not have enough of something that is needed or wanted .

Example: What the study lacks, I believe, is a clear outline of the future research that is needed.

Legitimizes

Definition: to make something legal or acceptable .

Example: Although the study legitimizes the existence of global warming, some will continue to think it is a hoax.

Definition: to make a problem bigger or more important .

Example: In conclusion, the scientists determined that the new pharmaceutical actually magnifies some of the symptoms of anxiety.

Definition: something that a copy can be based on because it is an extremely good example of its type .

Example: The study models a similar one from 1973, which needed to be redone with modern equipment.

Definition: to cause something to have no effect .

Example: This negates previous findings that say that sulphur in wine gives people headaches.

Definition: to not give enough c a re or attention to people or things that are your responsibility .

Example: The study neglects to mention another study in 2015 that had very different findings.

Definition: to make something difficult to discover and understand .

Example: The problems with the equipment obscures the study.

Definition: a description of the main facts about something.

Example: Before describing the research methods, the researchers outline the need for a study on the effects of anti-anxiety medication on children.

Definition:   to fail to notice or consider something or someone.

Example: I personally feel that the study overlooks something very important: the participants might have answered some of the questions incorrectly.

Definition: to happen at the same time as something else , or be similar or equal to something else .

Example: Although the study parallels the procedures of a 2010 study, it has very different findings.

Converse International School of Languages offers an English for Academic Purposes course for students interested in improving their academic English skills. Students may take this course, which is offered in the afternoon for 12 weeks, at both CISL San Diego and CISL San Francisco . EAP course graduates can go on to CISL’s Aca demic Year Abroad program, where students attend one semester at a California Community College. Through CISL’s University Pathway program, EAP graduates may also attend college or university at one of CISL’s Pathway Partners. See the list of 25+ partners on the CISL website . Contact CISL for more information.  

essay verb conjugation

Verb conjugation Conjugate To essay in English

Present (simple), present progressive / continuous.

  • I am essaying
  • you are essaying
  • he is essaying
  • we are essaying
  • they are essaying

Past (simple)

  • you essayed
  • they essayed

Past progressive / continuous

  • I was essaying
  • you were essaying
  • he was essaying
  • we were essaying
  • they were essaying

Present perfect (simple)

  • I have essayed
  • you have essayed
  • he has essayed
  • we have essayed
  • they have essayed

Present perfect progressive / continuous

  • I have been essaying
  • you have been essaying
  • he has been essaying
  • we have been essaying
  • they have been essaying

Past perfect

  • I had essayed
  • you had essayed
  • he had essayed
  • we had essayed
  • they had essayed

Past perfect progressive / continuous

  • I had been essaying
  • you had been essaying
  • he had been essaying
  • we had been essaying
  • they had been essaying
  • I will essay
  • you will essay
  • he will essay
  • we will essay
  • they will essay

Future progressive / continuous

  • I will be essaying
  • you will be essaying
  • he will be essaying
  • we will be essaying
  • they will be essaying

Future perfect

  • I will have essayed
  • you will have essayed
  • he will have essayed
  • we will have essayed
  • they will have essayed

Future perfect continuous

  • I will have been essaying
  • you will have been essaying
  • he will have been essaying
  • we will have been essaying
  • they will have been essaying

Conditional

  • I would essay
  • you would essay
  • he would essay
  • we would essay
  • they would essay

Progressive

  • I would be essaying
  • you would be essaying
  • he would be essaying
  • we would be essaying
  • they would be essaying
  • I would have essayed
  • you would have essayed
  • he would have essayed
  • we would have essayed
  • they would have essayed

Perfect progressive

  • I would have been essaying
  • you would have been essaying
  • he would have been essaying
  • we would have been essaying
  • they would have been essaying
  • Let's essay

essay verb conjugation

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Example in EnglishTranslation in English
"...we regret to inform you that despite your wonderful essay"--
"Evans, write me an essay;
"I forgot to put out that essay that was burning on Rick's desk!" I started that.
"I write nonsense, but if you can't write again, "you shall have a sober essay on what you will.
"My essay, by Eric Cartman.
"...we regret to inform you that despite your wonderful essay"--
"Evans, write me an essay;
"I forgot to put out that essay that was burning on Rick's desk!" I started that.
"I write nonsense, but if you can't write again, "you shall have a sober essay on what you will.
"My essay, by Eric Cartman.
" G. Sand: ""We see all kinds of essays, fantasies,"
"Rhombus Press invites you to the launch "of its first bi-annual collection of essays,
'Cause I hear that short essays actually score higher than long essays.
'When CS Lewis published a collection of essays on Christian themes 'he gave it the title, God In The Dock.
(My dear friend... ) (... I should be happy today because it is my daughter's birthday... ) (... and because my book of essays is being published.)
" G. Sand: ""We see all kinds of essays, fantasies,"
"Rhombus Press invites you to the launch "of its first bi-annual collection of essays,
'Cause I hear that short essays actually score higher than long essays.
'When CS Lewis published a collection of essays on Christian themes 'he gave it the title, God In The Dock.
(My dear friend... ) (... I should be happy today because it is my daughter's birthday... ) (... and because my book of essays is being published.)
If this should fail and that our drift look through our bad performance 'twere better not essayed.
Therefore the creatress and the creator essayed once more to build living beings, to make moving creatures.
could be essayed without any more stubbing your toe in the dark.
But what role is the great Ganpati essaying in this Mahabharat.
If this should fail and that our drift look through our bad performance 'twere better not essayed.
Therefore the creatress and the creator essayed once more to build living beings, to make moving creatures.
could be essayed without any more stubbing your toe in the dark.
But what role is the great Ganpati essaying in this Mahabharat.

More English verbs

Similar but longer, other english verbs with the meaning similar to '':.

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Verb Table for essay

  • Simple tenses
  • Continuous tenses

Conditional

Simple tenses  •  continuous tenses  •  conditional  •  imperative  •  impersonal.

Iessay
youessay
he/she/itessays
weessay
youessay
theyessay
Iessayed
youessayed
he/she/itessayed
weessayed
youessayed
theyessayed

Present Perfect

Ihaveessayed
youhaveessayed
he/she/ithasessayed
wehaveessayed
youhaveessayed
theyhaveessayed

Past Perfect

Ihadessayed
youhadessayed
he/she/ithadessayed
wehadessayed
youhadessayed
theyhadessayed

Will -Future

Iwillessay
youwillessay
he/she/itwillessay
wewillessay
youwillessay
theywillessay

Going to -Future

Iamgoing toessay
youaregoing toessay
he/she/itisgoing toessay
wearegoing toessay
youaregoing toessay
theyaregoing toessay

Future Perfect

Iwill haveessayed
youwill haveessayed
he/she/itwill haveessayed
wewill haveessayed
youwill haveessayed
theywill haveessayed
Iamessaying
youareessaying
he/she/itisessaying
weareessaying
youareessaying
theyareessaying
Iwasessaying
youwereessaying
he/she/itwasessaying
wewereessaying
youwereessaying
theywereessaying
Ihave beenessaying
youhave beenessaying
he/she/ithas beenessaying
wehave beenessaying
youhave beenessaying
theyhave beenessaying
Ihad beenessaying
youhad beenessaying
he/she/ithad beenessaying
wehad beenessaying
youhad beenessaying
theyhad beenessaying
Iwill beessaying
youwill beessaying
he/she/itwill beessaying
wewill beessaying
youwill beessaying
theywill beessaying
Iamgoing to beessaying
youaregoing to beessaying
he/she/itisgoing to beessaying
wearegoing to beessaying
youaregoing to beessaying
theyaregoing to beessaying
Iwill have beenessaying
youwill have beenessaying
he/she/itwill have beenessaying
wewill have beenessaying
youwill have beenessaying
theywill have beenessaying
Iwouldessay
youwouldessay
he/she/itwouldessay
wewouldessay
youwouldessay
theywouldessay

Conditional Past

Iwould haveessayed
youwould haveessayed
he/she/itwould haveessayed
wewould haveessayed
youwould haveessayed
theywould haveessayed
essay
essaying

Past Participle

essayed

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essay verb conjugation

Conjugation English verb to essay

Simple present, present progressive/continuous, simple past, past progressive/continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect progressive/continuous, past perfect, past perfect progressive/continuous, future progressive/continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, conditional, progressive, perfect progressive, translation to essay.

Past Tenses

Essay Past Tense

essayed past tense of essay is essayed.

Essay verb forms

InfinitivePresent ParticiplePast TensePast Participle
essayessayingessayedessayed

Conjugation of Essay

Simple / Indefinite Present Tense
He/She/It essays .
I essay.
You/We/They essay.
Present Continuous Tense
He/She/It is essaying.
I am essaying.
You/We/They are essaying.
Present Perfect Tense
He/She/It has essayed.
I have essayed.
You/We/They have essayed.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
He/She/It has been essaying.
I have been essaying.
You/We/They have been essaying.
Simple Past Tense
He/She/It essayed.
I essayed.
You/We/They essayed.
Past Continuous Tense
He/She/It was essaying.
I was essaying.
You/We/They were essaying.
Past Perfect Tense
He/She/It had essayed.
I had essayed.
You/We/They had essayed.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He/She/It had been essaying.
I had been essaying.
You/We/They had been essaying.
Simple Future Tense
He/She/It will/shall essay.
I will/shall essay.
You/We/They will/shall essay.
Future Continuous Tense
He/She/It will/shall be essaying.
I will/shall be essaying.
You/We/They will/shall be essaying.
Future Perfect Tense
He/She/It will/shall have essayed.
I will/shall have essayed.
You/We/They will/shall have essayed.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
He/She/It will/shall have been essaying.
I will/shall have been essaying.
You/We/They will/shall have been essaying.
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PastTenses is a database of English verbs. One can check verbs forms in different tenses. Use our search box to check present tense, present participle tense, past tense and past participle tense of desired verb.

Verb Conjugation

Core concept.

Conjugation refers to the act of changing the form of a verb and/or adding a helping verb to indicate person, number, and time (tense).

Present Tense

Action occurring at the present moment. Example : I now earn a good salary.

I earn we earn
you earn you earn
they earn (gender neutral)
she, he, it earns they earn

Action occurring at a definite time before the present moment. Example : Last year or yesterday , I earned a good salary.

I earned we earned
you earned you earned
they, she, he, it earned they earned

Future Tense

Action occurring at some time beyond the present moment—in the future. Example : Next year , I will earn a good salary.

I shall earn we shall earn
you will earn you will earn
they, she, he, it will earn they will earn

Present Perfect Tense

Action occurring in the past and continuing to occur in the present. Example : I have always earned a good salary. (I did and still am.)

I have earned we have earned
you have earned you have earned
they have earned (gender neutral)
she, he, it has earned they have earned

Past Perfect Tense

Action occurring in the past and continuing to occur up to a certain fixed time. Example : Before I left for college , I had earned ten thousand dollars. (Leaving for college is the fixed time when the earning ended.)

I had earned we had earned
you had earned you had earned
they, she, he, it had earned they had earned

Future Perfect Tense

Action continuing up to a certain point in the future. Example : By next Christmas , I will have earned ten thousand dollars. (Christmas is the fixed point in the future when the earning will stop.)

I shall have earned we shall have earned
you will have earned you will have earned
they, she, he, it will have earned they will have earned

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  • Knowledge Base
  • Simple Present Tense | Examples, Use & Worksheet

Simple Present Tense | Examples, Use & Worksheet

Published on March 20, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on September 25, 2023.

The simple present tense is a verb form used to talk about habits, unchanging situations, facts, and planned events in the near future.

The simple present tense of most verbs is the infinitive form (e.g., “sing”). However, the third person singular (e.g., “he,” “she,” and “it”) takes an “s” at the end of the verb (e.g., “write” becomes “writes”).

Simple present tense forms

Table of contents

How to use the simple present, present simple vs. present continuous, how to form negatives, how to form questions, how to form the passive voice, worksheet: simple present vs. present continuous, other interesting language articles, frequently asked questions about the simple present tense.

The simple present is used to refer to habits , unchanging situations or states , general truths , and scheduled events in the future .

Most verbs in the simple present tense use the infinitive form (e.g., “run”). The only exception is the third person singular (used with “he,” “she,” “it,” and any singular noun), which is usually formed by adding “s” to the end of the verb.

I speak French.

The Earth revolves around the sun.

The simple present is also used along with future simple tense constructions to talk about a future action. In these instances, the simple present construction is usually preceded by a subordinating conjunction (e.g., “after,” “before,” “as soon as,” “when”).

Forming the third person singular

The third person singular is usually formed by adding “s” to the end of the verb (e.g., “run” becomes “runs”). However, this can vary depending on the verb’s ending.

Original ending Third person singular ending Example
-o
-ch
-sh
-ss
-x
-z
-es do; does
watch; watches
wash; washes
guess; guesses
mix; mixes
buzz; buzzes
Consonant + y -ies (replacing the “y”) fly; flies
  • I have a cat.
  • Sandra has an old bike.

Irregular verb: “Be”

The stative verb “be” is used in the simple present to refer to unchanging situations (e.g., “You are clever”) and to temporary present situations (e.g., “Ramone is hungry”). This verb changes in form more than any other, as shown in the table below.

Subject Verb
I am
You are
He/she/it is
We are
You are
They are

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While the present simple is typically used to refer to habits, states, and facts, the present continuous is used to describe a temporary action that is currently taking place.

Justin is eating dinner right now. [describing a temporary action in the present] Note While most verbs in the present simple are not used to talk about temporary situations in the present, stative verbs (e.g., “be,” “have,” “want,” “know”) can be used in the simple present to describe temporary states of being.

These verbs are typically not used in the present continuous tense :

  • I am wanting ice cream.
  • I want ice cream.

For most subjects, negative statements are formed by adding “do not” (or the contraction “don’t”) between the subject and the verb . The third person singular uses “does not” (or “doesn’t”).

Abby doesn’t like traveling . Note Negative constructions in the simple present use the infinitive form of the verb, regardless of subject (i.e., the third person singular form never takes an “s”).

  • The clock doesn’t works .
  • The clock doesn’t work .

The verb “be” is made negative by adding the adverb “not” after the verb . This is the case for all subjects.

Even though he didn’t sleep much last night, Andrew is not tired. Note Don’t negate other verbs in the same way as “be,” by just adding “not” after the verb. This only applies to “be.” For other verbs, use “do not” or “does not” as described above.

  • Jamie exercises not much.
  • Jamie doesn’t exercise much.

To ask a yes–no question using the simple present, add “do” before the subject and the infinitive form of the verb. Again, the exception is the third person singular, which uses “does” instead of “do.”

To ask a question using a wh-word (an interrogative pronoun like “what” or an interrogative adverb like “when”), place the pronoun or adverb before “do” (or “does” for the third person singular).

What do you want?

Passive sentences are ones in which the subject is acted upon (rather than performing the action). In the simple present, the passive voice uses a conjugated form of the verb “be” along with a past participle .

The stray cat is fed by everyone in the neighborhood.

You can test your understanding of the difference between the simple present and the present continuous with the worksheet below. Fill in one of the two options in each sentence.

  • Practice questions
  • Answers and explanations
  • I _______ every morning before work. [run/am running]
  • Kevin _______ the kitchen right now. [cleans/is cleaning]
  • Humans _______ about 12 times per minute. [blink/are blinking]
  • The train _______ at 12 p.m. every day. [leaves/is leaving]
  • Allie _______ at the moment. [studies/is studying]
  • “Run” is correct. In this instance, the simple present is used to refer to a habit.
  • The present continuous form “is cleaning” is correct because it refers to a temporary action in the present.
  • The present simple form “blink” is correct. In this instance, it’s used to express a fact.
  • The present simple form “leaves” is correct. In this instance, it’s used to refer to a planned future event.
  • The present continuous form “is studying” is correct because it refers to a temporary action that is currently taking place.

If you want to know more about nouns , pronouns , verbs , and other parts of speech , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations and examples.

Nouns & pronouns

  • Common nouns
  • Possessive nouns
  • Indefinite pronouns
  • Relative pronouns
  • Interrogative pronouns
  • Present perfect tense
  • Modal verbs
  • Conditional sentences
  • Subjunctive mood
  • Imperative mood
  • Interjections
  • Determiners
  • Prepositions

In the simple present tense , the stative verb “be” is used to describe temporary present situations (e.g., “I am tired”) and unchanging situations (e.g., “Laura is a doctor”). The form of the verb varies depending on the subject:

  • The first person singular uses “am” (e.g., “I am”)
  • The third person singular uses “is” (e.g., “he is,” “she is,” “it is”)
  • All other subjects use “are” (e.g., “you are,” “we are,” “they are”)

The “-ing” form of a verb is called the present participle . Present participles can be used as adjectives (e.g., “a thrilling story”) and to form the continuous verb tenses (e.g., the present continuous : “We are partying ”).

Gerunds also use the “-ing” form of a verb, but they function only as nouns (e.g., “I don’t enjoy studying ”).

Sources in this article

We strongly encourage students to use sources in their work. You can cite our article (APA Style) or take a deep dive into the articles below.

Ryan, E. (2023, September 25). Simple Present Tense | Examples, Use & Worksheet. Scribbr. Retrieved September 13, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/verbs/simple-present/
Aarts, B. (2011). Oxford modern English grammar . Oxford University Press.
Butterfield, J. (Ed.). (2015). Fowler’s dictionary of modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Garner, B. A. (2016). Garner’s modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.

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English verb conjugation, irregular verbs

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English Verb Conjugation

In English, you can type in infinitive forms such as " go ", " abide ", " break ", … but also conjugated forms ( " done ", " making ", " has ", " comes "). The conjugator recognizes infinitive, reflexive verbs ( " hurt oneself ") and negative forms ( " not remember ") as well as phrasal verbs ( " get off ", " come in "). The Contractions option displays the contracted forms of auxiliaries and negatives, e.g.: not believe: "I do not believe" or "I don't believe", see: "I have seen" or "I've seen", "I will go" or "I'll go"...

The conjugator uses conjugation rules for irregular verbs and models . You can click on the corresponding sections to learn more. Modals such as "will" and "should" are also included. The page British and American English highlights some important usage differences.

The conjugator allows you to conjugate any verb as long as it corresponds to an existing conjugation model. They may be imaginary verbs, they may contain spelling mistakes or often be buzz verbs, not yet aggregated to our conjugation tables like crowdfund, retweet.

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Verb Conjugation - Definition, How It Works and Examples

If you have observed, you must have realised that among the eight parts of speech , verbs seem to have a lot of different usages and rules to be followed. Verbs change according to person, number, mood and tense . When you learn verbs, verb conjugation is one of the most essential topics you will have to familiarise yourself with. For the same reason, you will be introduced to what verb conjugation is, how to conjugate a verb based on person, number, mood and tense in this article. Also, check out the examples given to develop a deeper understanding of the same. Furthermore, try out the practice questions to check your understanding of verb conjugation.

Table of Contents

  • How Is ‘Verb Conjugation’ Defined?

Verb Conjugation According to Person

Verb conjugation according to number, verb conjugation according to mood, verb conjugation according to tense, check your understanding of verb conjugation, frequently asked questions on verb conjugation in english grammar, what is verb conjugation.

Conjugation of verbs is the linguistic process in which a verb changes its form in order to reflect aspects like person, number, tense, mood, etc. Changes in the verb can be by way of inflections, changes in the spelling, usage of helping verbs and so on. In simpler terms, the verb in the infinitive form is conjugated to agree with the person, number, mood and tense of the particular sentence.

How is ‘Verb Conjugation’ Defined?

The term ‘verb conjugation, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as the process in which you have to “conjugate something to give the different forms of a verb , as they vary according to number, person, tense, etc.” According to the Collins Dictionary, conjugation is defined as “the act of giving the different forms of a verb according to the number of people it refers to, or according to whether it refers to the past, present, or future”, and “inflection of a verb for person, number, tense, voice, mood, etc”.

How to Conjugate a Verb? – Rules and Examples

As already mentioned, a verb can be conjugated with reference to the number, person, mood and tense. Now, let us take a look at how it is done in each of these cases in detail.

‘Person’ in English grammar is classified (with reference to pronouns) into three – the first person, the second person and the third person . The verb in a sentence appears in the singular or plural form according to the pronouns . Given below is a table to show you how it works.

I First person singular Plural verb I English.
We First person plural Plural verb We English.
You Second person Plural verb You English.
He Third person singular Singular verb He English.
She Third person singular Singular verb She English.
They Third person plural Plural verb They English.
It Third person singular Singular verb It amazing.

‘Number’ refers to singular nouns and plural nouns . The table below shows how verbs are conjugated according to the number of nouns.

Singular Noun Singular verb Remya trying out new recipes.
Plural Noun Plural verb The children cricket in the evening.
Compound Noun Plural verb Nakul and Preethi always marvel movies together.

In the English language , mood refers to the intention behind a thought and the manner in which it is expressed in a sentence. The verb in a sentence takes different conjugated forms based on this attribute too. Take a look at the following table and examples given below to understand how the verb is conjugated according to the mood of the sentence.

Indicative Simple Present Tense French.
Imperative Simple Present Tense the system after you finish your work.
Interrogative Separation of the helping verb and the main verb with the subject in between you your homework?
Infinitive Infinitive form of the verb you.
Conditional Contains a helping verb and a main verb your work soon.
Subjunctive Verb changes according to the intent of the sentence – a wish, a hypothetical situation, a demand, a doubt your life with love and joy. my mom here. here, I you figure out a solution to this. the students their assignments before going home. if she in fact, to take care of all this.

There are twelve different tenses in the English language and the verb is different with each tense. Take a look at the table below to see how verbs are conjugated in accordance with the various tenses.

Simple Present Main verb in its singular/plural form an Indian. an Indian. an Indian. Indians.
Present Continuous Am/is/are + present participle (verb + ing) ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’. ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’. ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’. ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’.
Present Perfect Have/Has + past participle ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’. ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’.
Present Perfect Continuous Have/Has + been + present participle ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’. ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’.
Simple Past Verb + ed/d (regular verbs)

Change in spelling for irregular verbs

at the railway station. at the railway station.
Past Continuous Was/Were + present participle at the railway station. at the railway station.
Past Perfect Had + past participle at the railway station around 5 p.m. at the railway station around 5 p.m.
Past Perfect Continuous Had + been + present participle at the railway station since 5 p.m. at the railway station since 5 p.m.
Simple Future Will + main verb in the essay writing competition.
Future Continuous Will + be + present participle in the essay writing competition.
Future Perfect Will + have + past participle in the essay writing competition.
Future Perfect Continuous Will + have + been + present participle in the essay writing competition.

Now that you have seen the many ways in which verbs are conjugated, why not check if you have understood and comprehended them well. Go through the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct conjugated form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Norah ________ (be) a renowned artist.

2. Tharun and Varun ________ (play) football.

3. If you were the leader, the situation ________ (be) better.

4. My father demanded I ________ (attend) the youth retreat.

5. You ________ (be) good at multitasking unlike your sister.

6. Only if you eat well, you ________ (be) able to stay active throughout the day.

7. ________ (close) the windows and doors when you come down.

8. ________ your parents ________ (know) about your grades?

9. How can you expect the others ________ (respect) you when you don’t respect them?

10. All youngsters ________ (use) social media applications regularly.

Check if you have conjugated the verbs accurately by referring to the answers given below.

1. Norah is a renowned artist.

2. Tharun and Varun play football.

3. If you were the leader, the situation would be better.

4. My father demanded I attend the youth retreat.

5. You are good at multitasking unlike your sister.

6. Only if you eat well, will you be able to stay active throughout the day.

7. Close the windows and doors when you come down.

8. Do your parents know about your grades?

9. How can you expect the others to respect you when you don’t respect them?

10. All youngsters use social media applications regularly.

Also try out: Subject-verb agreement exercises for class 9 │ Verbs exercises │ Phrasal verbs exercises

What is verb conjugation?

Verb conjugation is the linguistic process in which a verb changes its form in order to suit the subject. In simpler terms, the verb in the infinitive form is conjugated to agree with the person, number, mood and tense of the particular sentence.

What is the definition of verb conjugation?

The term ‘verb conjugation, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as the process in which you have to “conjugate something to give the different forms of a verb, as they vary according to number, person, tense, etc.” According to the Collins Dictionary, conjugation is defined as “the act of giving the different forms of a verb according to the number of people it refers to, or according to whether it refers to the past, present, or future”, and “inflection of a verb for person, number, tense, voice, mood, etc”.

Why should we learn verb conjugation?

A student or any English language learner should learn verb conjugation in order to use the verb in accordance with the person, number, tense and mood of the sentence. It is also essential to help you write meaningful sentences.

How do you conjugate the verb in simple past tense?

The simple past tense of verbs are formed generally by adding ‘ed’ or ‘d’ to the end of the verb. However, there are verbs that do not follow the general rule. For those irregular verbs, conjugation is done by making minor changes in the spelling of the root verb. There are also some verbs which have completely different spellings to represent the past tense.

Give some examples of verb conjugation.

Here are a few examples of verb conjugation.

  • If you want to score good marks, you have to work hard.
  • Keep the glasses on the second rack of the shelf.
  • Sourav offered me a ride to the airport.
  • Beena bakes yummy cookies.
  • Jared and Shaun live in Chennai.

essay verb conjugation

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What is Verb Conjugation? Learn English Verb Conjugation and Tense

Verbs are important because they explain what you do and think by representing action and ways of being. You describe who you are as well through the verbs you use. They also help you carry on conversations with other people, about other people.

Learning verb conjugation expands your speaking ability by letting you describe yourself and others in new ways. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the conjugation of verbs to express yourself and others and their actions or state of being. You’ll also discover how to tell in speech and writing when an action takes place and understand how to express yourself in different situations.

What is Verb Conjugation in English?

Verb conjugation occurs constantly in English. The essence of verb conjugations are to match the subject with the appropriate verb based on the time period. We call this tense. There are multiple verb conjugations, and each expresses different time periods and are used differently based on context. Which one you use depends on the message you want to share.

To conjugate a verb, you add unique suffixes to its base verb form. The right suffix depends on the person in a sentence you refer to, who is also known as the subject of the sentence. 

There are also different suffixes to select from depending on whether the subject is singular or plural, and based on the tense you’re discussing. 

Every verb has its base form, which you can also call its infinitive form. Generally, infinitive form is the to + verb base form. For example, the verb we will use below is the verb to work .

Verb Conjugation means to change the verb from its infinitive form so that it matches with the subject in a sentence. Some words have a standard pattern, while others follow their own unique pattern.

Let’s look at the regular verb to work as an example. The infinitive form of this action verb is to work . During verb conjugations it will change from the infinitive form depending on the grammatical subject. This means that you add different suffixes to the infinitive form depending on who you’re referring to in a sentence.

There are six different points of view to learn, each with their own suffix based on the subject used during the conjugation of verbs.

Before you jump into the different points of view, why not get ready for your next academic paper? Here are two helpful guides on  APA format and  MLA format  to review!

What are Grammatical Subjects and Verb Conjugation Forms?

The first grammatical subject is called the first person singular . You use the first person singular to make a statement about yourself. With the conjugation of verbs, the first person singular form uses the verb without any changes to its suffixes. Consider this to be the simplest of verb conjugations. With the example to work , the first person singular sentence is:

As stated before, the first person singular form of a regular verb form or to-be verb form is often the same as the simplest form of the verb. However, that’s not always true with irregular verbs and words in the to-be form, such as was or were. This will be discussed later in this guide. Look below to continue learning about the other subject forms and examples of their verb conjugation English use.

Next, you have first person plural . You use this form to speak about yourself and someone else in verb conjugation English use to describe you and another person performing the same action in a sentence. In this case, instead of using the pronoun I, you use we .

Again, this action word is the same as the root of the infinitive form that we will change during the conjugation of verbs in other tenses. This will be highlighted later in the guide to reflect tense change in English verb conjugation. 

Next you have the second person singular and the second person plural . You use these categories when you refer to the individual or individuals that you are talking or writing to in standard verb conjugation English use.

Usually, in the conjugation of verbs, the subject you will account for speaking to a single person or to a group. In some instances, based on dialect, you may see other additions to the phrase outside of the usual English verb conjugation.

For example, you may hear you all or you guys or even youse . Note that these are used only for speaking casually. In writing, however, for both singular and plural forms, you use the word you in verb conjugations.

  • You  work . (Both singular and plural.)

Finally, you have third person singular and third person plural in typical verb conjugation English use. You use the third person while discussing someone or something else; or discussing a group of people or a group of things, other than yourself and other than the person who you’re speaking to in the conjugation of verbs.

In the third person singular form you refer to one person using the words he, she, it, a noun, or a proper noun. With the plural form, when referencing a group of people other than yourself, you use the word they.

  • He/She/It  works . (Singular)
  • They  work . (Plural)

As you can see, among all the subject matches with all the regular verb conjugations the only change occurs with the third person singular form. Here, the verb typically takes an -s suffix. This is the standard pattern with regular verb forms like to work , making this English verb conjugation easy to remember.

In addition to the six different person categories, there are also twelve different tenses that each call for a different conjugation of verbs based on when an action or state of being is occurring. Look at each tense and note how the suffixes change a regular verb form during standard conjugation. For this example, we’ll use first person singular form, I.  

  • Simple Present: I work
  • Simple Past: I work ed
  • Simple Future: I will work
  • Present Continuous: I am work ing
  • Past Continuous: I was work ing
  • Future Continuous: I will be work ing
  • Present Perfect: I have work ed
  • Past Perfect: I had work ed
  • Future Perfect: I will have work ed
  • Present Perfect Continuous: I have been work ing
  • Past Perfect Continuous: I had been work ing
  • Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been work ing

Each of these different tenses in English verb conjugation describe an action taking place at different times. In standard verb conjugation English use, present events occur right now, like in I or  are ongoing. The past events occurred in the past, some of which are ongoing. You also have the future, which explains that actions will happen in the future, many of which will continue further into the future. You complete the verb conjugation of these tenses by adding an -ed, -ing, and often a linking word.

Quick Tip: Make sure your paper or writing assignment is professionally done. Check for errors with this handy  paper checker . Once you identify content that might need to be cited, try Citation Machine for citing help in APA format and  more styles .

Why is Verb Conjugation Necessary in Language?

Conjugation gives your reader or your listener important background information. In the examples above, you saw how to use words to describe the number of people or things someone’s talking about in verb conjugation English subject placement. You also saw examples of how you can tell when an action will occur in verb conjugation English tenses. Additionally, verb conjugation also explains how much of an action has taken place, the gender of the people that receive an action, and the mood of an overall sentence.

English Verb Conjugation Examples

Now you know about regular action and being words. To form the different tenses, you add -ed, -d, or -ied to for the past tense and past participle forms. Examples include jumped, smiled, and cried.

Typically, verb endings will be predictable based on their infinitive form. For example, a verb ending in a consonant, such as the p in the word jump , would only need an -ed ending to change its tense. The verb smile ends in an e vowel that is silent, and so you only need to add a -d ending to change it tense.

The last example, cried , has its infinitive ending in a y that sounds like an i . Here, you would drop the y and replace it with an -ied ending. Let’s look at a few similar examples for reference.

  • -ed endings: Work = Work ed ; Rock= Rock ed ; Pack = Pack ed
  • -d endings: Joke = Joke d ; Rake = Rake d ; Dance = Dance d
  • – ied endings: Try = Tr ied ; Pry = Pr ied ;  Fry = Fr ied

Note that other words that end in y will have different endings, such as pray becoming prayed, or lay becoming laid. That’s because many irregular forms have their own unique verb conjugation patterns. These are irregular verbs which have different English verb conjugations, such as these examples. 

Bought Bought
Ate  Eaten
Went Gone
Slept Slept
Wore Worn

As you can see, there’s no set pattern in the conjugation of verbs with irregular inflections. To learn more about how inflections work, see it here .

What is Imperfect Verb Conjugation? Is Imperfect Verb Conjugation a Common Occurrence of English Verb Conjugation?

You already know quite a lot about how to get verb forms to agree with the subject(s) in a sentence. If you’re learning English as a second language, you may wonder about imperfect verb conjugation.

While technically imperfect verb conjugation doesn’t exist in the English language , some argue that our present progressive, also called present continuous, and past progressive, also called past continuous, have the same effect as imperfect verb conjugation forms in romance languages such as Spanish or French. Generally, you need context with these forms just as you do in romance languages, but not always, which is how they are often overlooked as a potential imperfect verb conjugation in English. 

If someone asks you, “What were you doing,” You can respond with “I was dancing. ” In Spanish, you can ask the same question, but if you answer with “I was dancing” , you must continue the sentence to give it context.

For example:

I was dancing when I saw my boyfriend come into the club.

The sentence “I was dancing ” would be replaced with “I danced” in Spanish. In English, however, I danced would have to be used with context, such as “I danced yesterday.” or “I danced when I found out I won the lottery.” Like in the Spanish language, this seemingly imperfect verb conjugation can be argued for past tense based on the need for more information or context, despite it not being a continuous action.

Instead of arguing about imperfect forms and their existence in the English language, learn the phrase used to . This phrase represents an action that occurred in the past, but typically no longer occurs in the past.

Generally, the phrase used to can be conjugated with every subject and does not require any changes to express this very specific past-but-not-present tense. You can use it alone, such as “I used to dance,” or “I used to dance when I was younger,”   when asked “Do you still dance?” I can choose whether or not to give context, and the tense will still be understood.

English speakers use this frequently in speaking; used to is seen as a bit too casual for academic or professional writing. The only exception is when you and the other person are familiar with each other, such as work colleagues or friends. In this case , you can use used to via email or text.  

Published May 5, 2019. Updated May 14, 2020.

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Lawless French

Essayer – to try

French verb conjugations.

 
j’
tu
il
nous
vous
ils
             
 
j’
tu
il
nous
vous
ils
             
   
j’   (tu)  
tu   (nous)  
il   (vous)  
nous      
vous   (tu)
ils   (nous)  
        (vous)    

  Essayer is a stem-changing verb (y to i).

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  • 1.1 Etymology
  • 2.1 Etymology
  • 2.2 Pronunciation
  • 2.3.1 Conjugation
  • 2.3.2 Related terms
  • 2.4 Further reading
  • 2.5 Paronyms
  • 2.6 Anagrams
  • 3.1.1 Conjugation
  • 4.1.1 Synonyms

From essay +‎ -er .

essayer ( plural essayers )

  • ( obsolete ) One who performs an essay ; an experimenter .

Inherited from Middle French essayer , essaier , from Old French essaiier , essayer , essaier , from essay , essai ( “ attempt; assay; experiment ” ) + -er ( “ infinitive-forming suffix ” ) , from Late Latin exagium ( “ weight; weighing, testing on the balance ” ) , from Latin exigere + -ium , from ex- + agere , from Proto-Italic *agō , from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti .

Pronunciation

  • IPA ( key ) : /e.sɛ.je/ ~ /e.se.je/
Audio: ( )
  • ( transitive ) to test , to try on Essayez cette chemise. ― Try this shirt on .
  • 2018 , Zaz, Résigne-moi : J ’essaie vraiment d ’ t’aider sans m’oublier. I'm truly trying to help you without forgetting myself.
  • ( reflexive ) to try one's hand [ with à ‘at something’ ] s’essayer à quelque chose ― to try one's hand at something

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer ), the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer , which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer , which always have it; verbs in -ayer belong to either group, according to the writer's preference).

infinitive essayer
+ past participle
present participle or gerund
/e.sɛ.jɑ̃/ or /e.se.jɑ̃/
+ past participle
past participle
/e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
present or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/

/e.sɛ.jɔ̃/ or /e.se.jɔ̃/

/e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/
or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
imperfect
/e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/

/e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/

/e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/

/e.sɛj.jɔ̃/

/e.sɛj.je/

/e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/
past historic
/e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/

/e.sɛ.ja/ or /e.se.ja/

/e.sɛ.ja/ or /e.se.ja/

/e.sɛ.jam/ or /e.se.jam/

/e.sɛ.jat/ or /e.se.jat/

/e.sɛ.jɛʁ/ or /e.se.jɛʁ/
future or
/e.sɛj.ʁe/ or /e.sɛ.ʁe/ or /e.se.ʁe/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁa/ or /e.sɛ.ʁa/ or /e.se.ʁa/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁa/ or /e.sɛ.ʁa/ or /e.se.ʁa/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.se.ʁɔ̃/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁe/ or /e.sɛ.ʁe/ or /e.se.ʁe/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.se.ʁɔ̃/
conditional or
/e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/ or /e.se.ʁɛ/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/ or /e.se.ʁɛ/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/ or /e.se.ʁɛ/
or
/e.sɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.se.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.sɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.se.ʁjɔ̃/
or
/e.sɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /e.se.jə.ʁje/ or /e.sɛ.ʁje/ or /e.se.ʁje/
or
/e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/ or /e.se.ʁɛ/
present perfect present indicative of + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of + past participle
past anterior past historic of + past participle
future perfect future of + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
present or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/

/e.sɛj.jɔ̃/

/e.sɛj.je/
or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
imperfect
/e.sɛ.jas/ or /e.se.jas/

/e.sɛ.jas/ or /e.se.jas/

/e.sɛ.ja/ or /e.se.ja/

/e.sɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /e.se.ja.sjɔ̃/

/e.sɛ.ja.sje/ or /e.se.ja.sje/

/e.sɛ.jas/ or /e.se.jas/
past present subjunctive of + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of + past participle
imperative
simple or
/e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/

/e.sɛ.jɔ̃/ or /e.se.jɔ̃/

/e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/
compound simple imperative of + past participle simple imperative of + past participle simple imperative of + past participle
The French gerund is usable only with the preposition .
In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:

(Christopher Kendris [1995], , pp. , , , ).

Related terms

  • bien essayé

Further reading

  • “ essayer ”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [ Digitized Treasury of the French Language ] , 2012 .
  • ressaye , ressayé

Middle French

  • ( transitive ) to test
  • ( catenative ) to try , to attempt [ with de ( + infinitive ) ‘to do something’ ]
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive essayer
+ past participle
present participle or gerund
present participle or gerund of + past participle
past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
present
imperfect , , , , , ,
past historic
future ,
conditional , , , , , ,
present perfect present indicative of + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of + past participle
past anterior past historic of + past participle
future perfect future of + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
present
imperfect
past present subjunctive of + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of + past participle
imperative
simple
compound simple imperative of + past participle simple imperative of + past participle simple imperative of + past participle
The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], , p. ). The would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition , as in , although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], , p. ).

Norwegian Bokmål

essayer   n

  • indefinite singular of essay

essay verb conjugation

  • English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)
  • English lemmas
  • English nouns
  • English countable nouns
  • English terms with obsolete senses
  • French terms inherited from Middle French
  • French terms derived from Middle French
  • French terms inherited from Old French
  • French terms derived from Old French
  • French terms derived from Late Latin
  • French terms derived from Latin
  • French terms derived from Proto-Italic
  • French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
  • French 3-syllable words
  • French terms with IPA pronunciation
  • French terms with audio links
  • French lemmas
  • French verbs
  • French transitive verbs
  • French terms with usage examples
  • French terms with quotations
  • French reflexive verbs
  • French verbs with conjugation -ayer
  • French first group verbs
  • Middle French lemmas
  • Middle French verbs
  • Middle French transitive verbs
  • Middle French first group verbs
  • Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
  • Norwegian Bokmål noun forms
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  21. Essayer

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  22. ESSAYER conjugation table

    Pluperfect. j' eusse essayé tu eusses essayé il/elle eût essayé nous eussions essayé vous eussiez essayé ils/elles eussent essayé.

  23. essayer

    Conjugation [ edit ] This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer ), the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer , which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer , which always have ...