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How To Put Research On Your Resume (With Examples)

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Research experiences and skills are an incredibly important aspect of many job applications, so it’s important to know how to put them on your resume correctly. Hiring managers and recruiters want employees who can help drive innovation by being able to apply research skills to problem solve and come up with creative growth solutions. If you’re a job seeker looking to include your research skills on a resume , we’ll go over how to list research on resume, where you can include it on a resume, and give you some examples. Key Takeaways: If you don’t have traditional research experience, highlight the skills used for research that you’ve used in past jobs. Consider creating a separate research section in your resume if you have a lot of research experience or merge sections, depending on which section you want to bolster with research. Research experience is one of the best assets to include on a resume so be on the lookout for more opportunities. In This Article    Skip to section What are research skills? Where to put research experience on your resume How to include research on your resume Examples of research on a resume How to put research on your resume FAQ References Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs Show More What are research skills?

Research skills are any skills related to your ability to locate, extract, organize, and evaluate data relevant to a particular subject. It also involves investigation, critical thinking , and presenting or using the findings in a meaningful way.

Depending on what job you’re applying for, research skills could make or break your ability to land the job. Almost every job requires some research skills and you probably already have some of those skills mastered by now.

For most careers, research is a vital process to be able to answer questions. “Research skills” are not a single skill, but multiple ones put together.

Some skills that are necessary for research are organization, problem-solving, critical thinking, communication, and specific technical skills, like coding, Excel, and copywriting.

Where to put research experience on your resume

Including research experience and skills on a resume can be incredibly flexible. When thinking about how to add it to your resume, you want to consider how the research experience adds to your resume.

Your research experience can be included in a few different sections of your resume. Some of those sections include:

Academic accomplishments

Research experience

Work experience/history

College activities

Volunteer work

Presentations and publications

Skills section

If you’ve had smaller research roles but no “official” research experience, you can highlight the skills associated with the types of research mentioned above in your job description under the work history section in your resume.

If your job history is a research position, then naturally, you would include research under the work history section. You can also merge your sections depending on what type of position you are applying for.

For example, you could create a “Research and Education” section or a “Research and Publications” section. If your research is not related to your education and you don’t have any publications, you can also detail it in a separate “Research” section in your resume.

How to include research on your resume

To include your research on your resume, you should gather all the necessary information and then quantify your accomplishments to fit into specific sections. Here is a more detailed list of how to write about research experience in resume:

Gather all the necessary information. The first step is to collect all of the important details like the title of the research project, the location of the research project, the principal investigator of the project (if applicable), and the dates of the project. You will list these details much like you would list a company you have worked for in the past.

Read the job description carefully. Every resume and cover letter you write should be tailored to the job you’re applying for. When a hiring manager puts a necessary qualification in their job posting, you must be sure to include it in your resume.

Make sure that you highlight the right types of research skills on your job applications and resumes.

Quantify your accomplishments. When describing your role on the project, you will want to summarize your accomplishments and deliverables. Hiring managers and recruiters love seeing numbers. When you write out the deliverables from your project, make sure you quantify them.

Incorporate into your work history section. If there were times when you used your research skills in your past employment opportunities, include them in your work experience section. You can also include publications, conferences you may have presented at, and any awards or recognition your research had received.

If you have completed research in an academic setting, then presentations (oral and poster) are an important part of the research process. You should include those details along with the titles of your publications.

Add to your research section. Other aspects of research that you can detail to make your application more competitive are adding skills specific to your project to the skills section of your resume.

These skills will vary depending on the subject matter, but some examples include coding languages, interviewing skills, any software you used and are proficient in using, managerial skills , and public speaking if you have presented your research at conferences.

Add research to your skills section. If the specific research you did is less important than the skills you used to perform it, highlight that in your skills section. That way, you don’t have to take up a lot of work or education history with slightly irrelevant information, but hiring managers can still see you have research skills.

Just be sure you’re more specific about a research methodology you’re an expert in because the skills section doesn’t give you as much room to explain how you leveraged these abilities.

Sprinkle research throughout your resume. If you have a lot of experience performing research in professional, volunteer, and educational settings, pepper it in a few different sections. The more hands-on experience you have with research, the better (for jobs that require research).

Examples of research on a resume

Let’s look at some examples of how research can be included on a resume:

University research example

EDUCATION Undergraduate Thesis, University of Connecticut, Dec. 2017-May 2018 Worked alongside UCONN English Department head Penelope Victeri to research the poetry of New England writers of the 20th century. Explored common themes across the works of Elizabeth Bishop, Wallace Stevens, and Robert Lowell. Performed online and in-person research on historical documents relating to each author , including information on the political, religious, and economic landscape of the US at the time. Analyzed poetic works of each author and drew on similar contemporary regional authors’ works. Prepared 20,000 words thesis entitled “Place, Allegory, and Religion: Three 20th Century New England Poets” and defended my written arguments to a panel of English professors.

Customer service research example

WORK EXPERIENCE Conducted interviews with 20 customers each week to gain insight into the user experience with company products Used Google analytics to determine which pages were driving most web traffic, and increased traffic by 11% Reviewed thousands of customer surveys and compiled findings into monthly reports with graphic findings Presented at weekly marketing meeting to inform marketing team of trends in customer experience with our products

Laboratory research example

RESEARCH Conducted experiments on rat brains by introducing various novel chemical compounds and levels of oxygen Ran electricity through brain slices to view interaction of different chemical compounds on active brain cells Prepared sterile samples for daily check and maintained 89% percent yield over the course of a 3-month study Presented findings in a final 15 -page research report and presentation to the Research and Development team

Examples of common research skills to list on your resume

Here are examples of research skills in action that you may have overlooked:

Searching for local business competition

Sending out customer satisfaction surveys

Summarizing current policies and laws in effect for a particular topic

Creating lesson plans based on current education standards

Reading literature reviews and implementing changes in clinical practice

Attention to detail

Problem-solving skills

Critical thinking

Project management skills

Communication skills

How to put research on your resume FAQ

Why are research skills important?

Research skills are important because they can help you identify a problem, gather information, and evaluate that information for relevancy. Including your research skills on a resume will show hiring managers that you have the ability to suggest new ideas and help their organization adapt and change as the industry changes.

What are research skills?

Some common research skills include:

critical thinking

Computer skills

Can I list research as a skill?

Yes, you can list research as a skill on your resume. Including your research skills in your resume can help show a potential employer that you have the ability to suggest new ideas and use critical thinking to find solutions to problems. Most research skills will use attention to detail, problem-solving, and project management skills.

California State University San Bernardino – Incorporating Research Project Experience on Your Resume

University of Missouri – How to Put Research on Your Resume

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Heidi Cope is a former writer for the Zippia Career Advice blog. Her writing focused primarily on Zippia's suite of rankings and general career advice. After leaving Zippia, Heidi joined The Mighty as a writer and editor, among other positions. She received her BS from UNC Charlotte in German Studies.

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How to List Research Experience on Your Resume

Applying for a role that requires research skills? Here’s how to list your research experience on a resume, with examples you can follow.

3 years ago   •   7 min read

Research experience isn’t just for science and academia. Research is a valuable skill that’s required for a number of roles and industries, which means it almost certainly has a place on your resume. And no — that doesn’t mean writing “research” in your skills section and moving on.

Why you should list research experience on your resume

If you’re applying for a job that involves research, listing research experience is a no-brainer. Research-specific positions, scientific jobs like Research Assistants , Lab Assistants or Technicians, graduate school applications, and most jobs in academia all require evidence of research skills. Even outside these positions, research experience demonstrates valuable transferable skills, like critical thinking and attention to detail . Which is not to say that you need to include research experience on every resume — if it makes you a stronger candidate, include it, but if it isn’t relevant and doesn’t add anything else to your candidacy, leave it off.

Research experience resume example

Before we dive right in, here's a sample resume that emphasizes research skills. You can use this as a template or as inspiration to write your own resume from scratch.

Download: PDF | Google Docs

How to list research experience in your resume

Like a lot of desirable skills, research is a soft skill , meaning it’s not something you can claim as an objective fact on your resume without backing it up. What you can do instead is prove it — what previous role involved a lot of research? What resume accomplishments do you have that highlight your research experience? Showing how you used research skills in action is the best way to demonstrate the value you could bring to the company and role you’re applying for.

There are a number of ways you can highlight research experience on your resume:

In a dedicated section

In your work experience, in your education section, listing research publications, in a projects section, in your skills section, in your resume summary.

Let's take a look at each of these options in a little more depth. But first, let's look at an annotated example to help set the context.

If you come from a research background, you might want to title your work experience ‘Research.’ Alternatively, you could create two experience sections — one titled ‘Work Experience’ and one titled ‘Research Experience’ — if you also have a lot of non-research experience but want to highlight your most relevant experience first. You can go into more detail when applying for a research-focused role by describing the project and specifying the nature of the research and your role in it.

More information: How to title different sections of your resume

Including research experience in your main work experience section is appropriate if it was paid work or if it was your most recent and relevant experience. List the employer — for example, the university or research department — job title, dates, and accomplishments, just like you would any other work experience.

More information: How to list your work experience on your resume

If you’re a current student or recent graduate, you can list your education section at the top of your resume. You can also make this section a little more comprehensive if you don’t have a lot of work experience, by including things like awards, coursework, and academic research.

If you undertook research as part of your studies and it demonstrates skills relevant to the job you’re applying for, list your research accomplishments in bullet points under the education section of your resume.

More information: The must-haves when writing your education on your resume

If you have a lot of publications that came out of your research, and you want to draw attention to them — and if they’re relevant to the job you’re applying for — consider creating a separate publications section . Formal publications like these are an excellent way to add credibility to your research experience.

List each publication in a new bullet point with the title, year, and name of the magazine, website, or journal. Academic publications can be listed more formally if it’s relevant, like if you’re applying for graduate school or a role in academia.

When it comes to listing research on your resume, like other soft skills, you need to show you’ve used this skill in your previous roles by showcasing your research related accomplishments. Upload your resume to the tool below to find out if your resume highlights your most relevant research experience and achievements.

If your research experience is less extensive or wasn’t quite relevant enough to include alongside your work experience or education, you can still highlight it in a projects section. Keep this brief and include 1-2 bullet points showcasing your key research accomplishments.

More information: How to list projects on a resume

Research skills can go in your skills section — as long as they’re hard skills. Steer clear of listing generic skills like “Research” — instead, use our keyword finder to look for relevant skills and keywords and include specific hard skills like data analysis, project management, software proficiency, and certifications.

You can also use the skills search tool below to get a list of hard skills relevant to the research-focused role you’re applying for.

More information: How to write a resume skills section

If you’re applying for a position where research experience is essential, consider emphasizing your experience by including a short resume summary at the top of your resume. This should include the title of the job you’re applying for and a brief overview of your background and key skills.

More information: Generate a summary for your resume

Examples of listing research experience on your resume

No matter where you choose to include it, always list research experience in concise, accomplishment-focused bullet points . These should follow the structure of action verb + what you did + what the result was. Here are some examples of resume bullet points you can use or modify to suit your own research experiences.

Highlight research projects

• Assisted with cell development research projects as part of the Leukemia Research team — identifying cell changes, determining cell counts and coulter counters with 98% accuracy.

If you have significant research experience, describe it! The more relevant it is to the position you’re applying for, the more detail you can go into. Make sure to specify exactly what stages of research you worked on and what your contribution was.

Mention awards for your research

• Awarded “Total Quality Award” in recognition of consistent high standards of quality work for research excellence (only 3 awarded in class of 500).

If the high quality of your work has been acknowledged by an award, early promotion , or similar outside recognition, include it! In addition to the name of the award or accolade, don’t forget to specify context (e.g. 'out of class of 500 people' to increase its credibility.

Demonstrate technical expertise

• Created over 75 3D models with CAD tools such as Solidworks and ANSYS.

If you have experience with specific software or tools that you’ll be using in the position you’re applying for, include a bullet point accomplishment specifying how you’ve used them. While this isn't direct 'research' experience, it uses tools that are relevant to research projects — this is a good way of showing that you have research skill sets without having formal research experience.

Use 'research-focused' action verbs

• Researched and edited two articles and one book chapter on prenatal substance abuse, policy implication of Human Genome Project.

Use action verbs like "Researched" or "Scoured" which clearly emphasize research skills. In some cases (like in this example), you can list publications in your bullet points itself. If you’ve authored academic papers, books, or articles, this is a great way to show the validity and importance of your research.

Include accomplishments related to research studies

• Oversaw screening and recruitment of over 100 participants to study, liaised with laboratory personnel and site coordinators to ensure study is completed on time with 100% success.

Not all research positions involve pure research. Make sure you highlight appropriate related accomplishments, like managing research study participant data and enrolments or managing a team of research assistants.

Include accomplishments relating to research in your field

• Conducted legal research; organized and analyzed data and evidence for over 50 cases annually.

If research is part of the job description, make sure you include at least one bullet point highlighting how you’ve used those skills in the past. Including metrics, like the number of cases you’ve researched, contextualizes your accomplishments and helps them stand out.

• Conducted marketing research for both buy-side and sell-side resulting in 15 strong leads.

Research isn’t just limited to science and academia. Demonstrate your skills in action by the context and end results of your research, like the number of leads it generated or the increase in sales figures.

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Undergraduate Research

How to put research on your resumé.

Resumés are important documents for all kinds of application packages — jobs, scholarships, grad school, etc. Your resumé should fit within the total package highlighting your achievements in a concise manner that can be further expounded upon in your personal statement, cover letter, or your letters of reference. It is important to custom tailor your resumé to any particular position, or program you are applying for. Some information needs to be emphasized more than other depending on what the reviewers may be looking for.

Using Your Space Wisely

In general, a resumé should be no more than two pages long — unless you have a large number of presentations or publications that need to be listed. Avoid the tendency to add more “stuff” to your resumé to try to look impressive. Use the relevant experience you have and determine what was impressive about it (for example, demonstrated independence, innovation, grit, or tenacity; helped improve ways of doing things in the lab; were given additional responsibilities as time went on; etc.)

• A reviewer would rather read about the two positions you had that are relevant, than try to sift through seven or eight clubs or fast-food job descriptions.
• Transcript?
• Recommendation Letters?
• Personal Statement?

Typically, resumes are formatted so that your most recent position is listed first. However, don’t put working at Dairy Queen first, if you are applying for a research position. Instead, consider using some of the following sections:

• Academic Accomplishments
• Research Experience
• Work Experience/Employment
• College Activities
• Volunteer Work
• Presentations and Publications

You do not need all of these categories, especially if you do not have relevant, interesting, or recent experience with them. Do not feel forced to try to fit your resume into someone else’s template. Make a list of what you want to include then design categories that fit your experience and story. Keep in mind that these categories will change over time (for example: five years after college, you will no longer need to include a section on “college activities”).

Research Mentor

• Area of research
• Not only does it show that you worked directly with a faculty member in your position, but reviewers might be familiar with your mentor’s work which could put you at an advantage.
• Consider listing projects and accomplishments the group achieved first before breaking things out on a year to year basis.
• If you were funded by different sources at different times, put a list of these sources at the bottom of the experience in this position.

Job Titles, Time Periods

• Use something that makes sense (sometimes HR titles do not)
• Instead of “MUURS Scholar” say “Student Researcher funded by the MU Undergraduate Research Scholars Program”
• Summer 2017 (9 weeks, full time internship)
• Academic Year 2018-2019 (15 hrs/week)
• What does that award mean?
• Will anyone outside of campus know what that is?
• Was the program selective?
• What was the award amount?
• What was the duration of the award?
• You can list various funding sources at the end of the relevant section
• External funding (from a government entity such as NIH, for example) is impressive. Be sure to list it.

You need to take the time to seriously consider your experience and how that allowed you to grow and mature as a researcher. Ask yourself these questions when brainstorming about your experience:

• What are areas you excelled in?
• What are lessons you learned?
• What are things you improved upon from the person before you?
• How did you spend your time?
• What skills did you gain?
• What research outcomes were reached?
• How long were you in the lab?

Use specific numbers or other qualifiers when applicable to show just how much work, effort, independence, or tenacity you had.

If your publication and presentation experience is limited, it is recommended that you include it with your relevant experience. However, if you have extensive or otherwise impressive experience (won a presentation award at a conference, or presented your work to state legislators at the Undergraduate Research Day at the the State Capitol, for example) then include a new category specifically for Presentations and/or Publications.

Presentations

• Include full list of authors
• Include full and official title
• Include if it was poster or oral presentation (ie, 15 minute presentation)
• Include location, event
• Include date (at least month and year)
• Include any award
• Check in with your mentor, to find out if a poster you co-authored was presented elsewhere.

Publications

• Full citation when published
• In Press – journal, date?
• Submitted for review – journal/date
• In preparation
• Check with your mentor as many projects are not completed by the time as student graduates.

Final Reminders

• Know your audience
• Explain (or spell out)
• Organize to fit your own situation
• Make it easy to follow – esp. if you have ‘time away’
• But have on comprehensive and cohesive running resumé.
• Have a system in place to update/organize your resumés.
• Use professional language, as most files are submitted electronically — the reviewer will see if you named a file “Better Resumé”
• ex: Jane Doe Resumé – Biochemistry REU, UT Austin
• This will ensure that the reviewer knows who you are and what you are applying for without even opening the file.

We encourage students to visit the MU Career Center in the Student Success Center for help on their specific application needs.

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The Best Research Skills for a Resume

If you want to apply for a research position, you need to provide evidence of research skills on your resume. In this article, we explore what the best research skills for a resume are, why they are important and how to list them properly. We also provide a researcher resume sample to get you started – you can use it as inspiration or a template.

Table of Contents

What Are Research Skills?

A career like research is an excellent option for anyone who can collect, analyze and interpret data, solve complex problems, dive deep into discovery, and offer innovative solutions. The best thing about being a researcher is that you can not only succeed in science and academia but also climb up the career ladder in the corporate world. Indeed, having solid research skills opens the door to many roles and industries, including academic environments, government settings, transnational corporations, startups, tech giants, and non-profit organizations, to name but a few.

From human behavior to regional studies to biotech, there are myriads of research spheres where a qualified individual can make a difference. Researchers utilize their skills to explore a variety of topics, and if you have your mind set on pursuing a career as a researcher, you need to understand what skill set is pivotal for success in this field.

In a nutshell, research skills are all about searching ways to resolve problems. They are knowledge, abilities and competencies that ensure you can investigate particular topics, perform critical analysis, extract and organize data, interpret results, form hypotheses, and derive data-driven conclusions.

As a researcher, you are expected to be capable of relaying your findings to other people in a compelling and digestible form and even inspire action, both in yourself and in others.

Whether you are a seasoned researcher or a novice in this field, you need to put the right skills on your resume . Below you will find a list of the most in-demand research skills in today’s job market.

The Top 10 Research Skills for a Resume

Communication.

Communication is a crucial aspect of a research career since you are required to share information, relay findings and spread knowledge efficiently and effectively, both orally and in writing . While communication skills certainly have a place on your resume , that doesn’t mean adding “Communication” to your list of skills is enough to move on. You need to provide relevant examples verifying that you can research things as part of a team and work towards a common goal. You could add something like this to add credibility to your claim:

Recruited 7 research assistants for clinical studies by visiting clinics and sending out email invites, increasing participation by 20%.

Explained 100+ research procedures to a group of study participants in 10 days, resulting in a 0% incident rate.

Problem Solving

Being an advanced problem solver means you can consistently identify issues and find effective and efficient solutions to them . It is an extremely valuable skill when it comes to research-based activities, and 86% of employers look for workers who are capable of solving problems in the workplace according to the National Association of Colleges and Employers’ Job Outlook 2022 survey. If you want to add problem-solving skills to your resume, you need to underpin them with relevant accomplishments. For instance, you could add examples like these:

Resolved course accessibility issues by creating interactive presentations for remote learners, increasing student satisfaction by 89%.

Developed and introduced a new computing environment for analysis, identifying 100% of failure patterns and improving issue detection by 75%.

Analytical Skills

Having analytical skills means you can parse data into digestible pieces, interpret them correctly and make data-based connections and conclusions . Data analysis incorporates a vast set of competencies, including technical skills like proficiency in programming languages, such as Python and R, familiarity with data visualization tools, like Tableau and Power BI, and a strong grasp of statistical analysis methods, such as hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and sample size determination. Armed with these skills, a researcher can take data to the next level and drive both innovation and profitability.

Being able to make sense of facts and figures both manually and using automated solutions will help you thrive in most roles, so recruiters would love to know that you are an analytical thinker when considering your candidacy. Your best bet here is to make sure they can find this out by examining your resume. You can add examples like the ones below to prove you can tackle complicated issues using your analytical skill set:

Collected, cleaned and analyzed first-party data from 10+ departments to identify the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the company.

Performed regression analysis to determine the effects of a company-wide minimum wage increase, concluding that the hiring process was accelerated by 25% due to the wage change in question.

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis allows you to analyze a research subject using non-numerical and non-quantifiable parameters, characteristics and indicators and is based on abstract concepts . For instance, you can use qualitative attributes like human behavior or brand reputation to make business decisions or recognize investment opportunities. This skill is in demand today as it helps researchers use their observations to make conclusions, identify patterns and tackle challenges. Since you cannot quantify this area of your expertise, you need to provide relevant context to convince the reader that you are capable of analyzing non-tangible aspects of a subject. You can do that by using appropriate examples, like the following ones:

Evaluated the quality and accuracy of 200+ data sources in a month.

Performed quality control of high-volume content in a rapidly changing environment, maintaining a quality score of 99.9%.

Quantitative Analysis

Quantitative analysis is an approach that allows you to collect, study, measure, and analyze data . From statistical research to financial modeling, quantitative analysis includes a powerful toolkit that helps a researcher refine and simplify vast amounts of raw data to make better decisions and forecast trends.

Quantitative analysis has countless applications: with it, you can track metrics, measure variables and evaluate parameters in multiple fields, from finance and accounting to molecular biology and astrophysics. Therefore, it is no wonder that it is one of the most important research skills for a resume and highlighting it the right way is likely to help you move forward in the job searching process. You can prove that you know how to work with tangible data by providing relevant examples, like the following ones:

Designed a new data analysis technique, saving 30 monthly hours in parameter comparisons.

Used SQL to analyze customer data and identify areas for improvement related to customer conversions, resulting in a conversion boost by 75%.

Academic Writing

Academic writing is the ability to create complex documents containing scientific data, such as formulas, graphs, and charts . Academic writing skills help researchers prepare reports, presentations and articles for scientific journals and magazines, and if you have them, it means you know how to present technical information clearly and concisely. Recruiters from scientific fields are especially interested in candidates capable of writing academically, so submitting a resume with examples of written work is likely to help you secure a position as a researcher. Listing your publications to prove your expertise is the best option here, but since you might not have enough space to add all your papers, books and articles, you could highlight your academic writing proficiency with something like this:

Created 350+ articles on the principles of academic research for the university’s database, increasing student satisfaction by 60%.

Published 30+ papers focused on structural changes in protein conformations.

We know that expressing your writing potential in limited words can be difficult, so here getting assistance from a summarizing tool can be a good idea.

Literature Review

Literature review is a methodology that implies conducting rigorous research on a particular topic . Having literature review skills means you can explore your subject area in greater depth using sources like books, journal articles, industry magazines, etc. Such competencies allow you to build upon existing knowledge and generate new ideas, accelerating your research and pushing it to its full potential. Naturally, your literature review skills are a valuable asset to your resume. We recommend you to illuminate them with appropriate examples, focusing on tangible outcomes:

Gathered and reviewed 10+ articles on Stata to extract variables from a dataset.

Performed 100+ literature reviews to implement changes in clinical practice, boosting quality of care by 70%.

Time Management

Time management is a powerful soft skill that is especially valuable in research environments. It allows you to manage your time effectively, break large tasks into manageable chunks and prioritize them properly, set up measurable, attainable, and time-bound goals, and even juggle your responsibilities . Proper time management helps you stay focused on your work, boosts your productivity and thereby leads to consistently high results and impressive outcomes. From carrying out experiments to writing reports to teaching, as a researcher, you need to apply time management strategies on a daily basis to successfully accomplish your tasks. You can show you are good at time management on your resume by showcasing your successes, like in the examples below:

Developed a database for organizing behavioral data for 100+ study participants, decreasing data processing time by 30%.

Implemented data analysis techniques in Python, increasing the amount of data analyzed per hour by 17% and accelerating project completion by 40%.

Attention to Detail

Paying attention to detail is a vital aspect of being a researcher. Having this skill helps you gather credible information, perceive meaningful connections, notice discrepancies, and deliver high-quality work based on correct evidence. Since each and every aspect of a career in research requires efficiency and trustworthiness, attention to detail is something you cannot go without – otherwise, your progress will come to a screeching halt. Naturally, you need to illuminate this skill on your resume as recruiters seek candidates who can look at details with a critical eye and minimize distractions. And the best way to do that is by providing a relevant example of success. You can use the ones below for reference:

Checked 10 + data sheets for completion and quality per day, resulting in a <1% error rate.

Supervised the maintenance and updates of the lab’s database with a 99% accuracy rate.

Editing & Proofreading

Editing and proofreading skills are essential to perform successful research since they ensure it is both accurate and easy to read . While editing is more about making your text more digestible and improving the overall quality of your writing, proofreading corrects surface issues like errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar. Both require you to have a solid command of the language you use and a certain degree of focus. The devil is indeed in the details, so you need to always polish your texts before submitting them. Only this way will they be perceived by your peers and superiors as constructive and professional. And to prove you are good at editing and proofreading, you need to add appropriate examples to your resume. Here is how you can demonstrate your ability to provide high-quality texts:

Edited 11 federal grant proposals designed by my team, which generated $200+ in lab funding.

Edited a research paper co-authored with 2 postdoctoral employees regarding protein generation, which received the Best Paper Award in 2020.

How to List Research Skills on a Resume

Your resume is the best place to highlight your research experience and the value you could bring to your next role. The key here is to put your research skills in the right section so that they get noticed by the reader. You have no fewer than 7 options here:

• A dedicated research section
• Your work experience section
• The education section
• The list of your research publications
• The projects section
• The skills section
• Your resume summary

If you have a solid research background, you may want to create a separate section on your resume and call it Research or Research Experience . This place will help you expand on your projects and their details, specify the nature of your research, and describe the specifics of your previous roles, providing relevant examples and demonstrating the most prominent accomplishments.

If your career is all things research, the work/professional experience section can incorporate your research skills and accomplishments. List your employers and your duties, along with the dates of your employment, like you would do when describing your non-research work experience.

Your education section is an appropriate place to highlight your research skills if you are a student or a recent graduate. You can put it at the top of your resume if you want to draw more attention to your research background when applying for your first job in science or academia.

If you have a whole host of published works, it could be a great idea to create a separate section for listing your publications . This will help you add credibility to your research skills and accomplishments. Research-related accomplishments can also be highlighted as projects on your resume. This might be appropriate if your research background is not so extensive or not quite relevant to your current career aspirations.

You can list your research skills in your skills section as long as they are tangible and relevant for the job you want to land. We recommend you to avoid general skills here and focus on industry-specific expertise, illuminating it with the keywords you can find in the corresponding job listing and relevant skill levels .

Highlighting your research skills in the summary section is appropriate if you are applying for a role where a robust research background is essential. Your resume summary is just a few lines appearing at the top of the document, so make sure to add only the most important research skills there – those that you want the reader to see first and foremost.

Why Are Research Skills Important?

Research-oriented positions and most jobs in academia require you to have a solid set of research skills. Employees outside these roles can also benefit from research experience – research skills are transferable , meaning you can bring them to the table no matter your position, career field or job level. Therefore, they are a valuable addition to a resume in many cases.

Businesses and organizations are eager to employ candidates with proven research skills because they can

• come up with original plans and ideas,
• design innovative products and services,
• improve processes,
• keep up with technology,
• identify customers’ needs and requirements and find ways to meet them,
• resolve complicated issues,
• analyze competitors’ strengths and weaknesses,

By adding research skills to your resume, you show recruiters that you can think outside the box, know how to work with data and technology, are capable of making well-informed decisions, and are good at solving problems. This makes you a valuable hire in today’s skill-based job market

A Resume Sample to Apply for a Research Position

JOHN/JANE DOE Research Assistant Location ⋅ Email ⋅ Phone number Diligent and hardworking clinical researcher seeking a position at [Name of Company] to apply academic expertise and facilitate biological research. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Company/Organization, Location Dates of Employment Research Assistant Assisted scientists in 30+ research projects related to therapeutics for COVID-19 Conducted data-driven testing with an accuracy rate of 98% Supervised a team of 3 junior research assistants with daily laboratory duties Company/Organization, Location Dates of Employment Graduate Research Assistant Participated in cell research projects as part of a cross-departmental team of 30 researchers. Performed cell counts with 99% accuracy Was engaged in developing a platform to investigate immune responses to virus-infected hepatocytes. … Company/Organization, Location Dates of Employment Research Student Assistant Gathered and analyzed data and evidence for 10+ clinical research cases monthly. Awarded “Research Impact Award” in recognition of consistent research excellence (only 1 student is awarded in a class of 100). … EDUCATION NAME OF UNIVERSITY Location Degree, Major Dates of Education SKILLS Molecular cloning RNA isolation Cell counting Knowledge of SQL code and queries Data analysis Literature review

A career in research is an extremely exciting yet quite a demanding path. Since the competition for positions in the field is very fierce, as a researcher, you need to have high levels of determination and persistence and a powerful combination of skills. The research skills we have outlined in this article are what recruiters expect to see on your resume, so make sure to expand on them to get the job of your dream, rise to the top of your game and deliver ground-breaking research.

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• Career Blog

Researcher Resume Examples & Templates for 2024

When it comes to landing a job in the field of research, having a well-crafted resume can be the key to standing out in a competitive job market. A researcher resume is a document that summarizes your professional experience, education, skills, and other relevant information for a potential employer.

An impressive researcher resume can make all the difference in securing an interview and ultimately, landing the job. A strong resume showcases your strengths and highlights your achievements in past roles, making you an attractive candidate to potential employers.

The objective of this article is to provide examples and templates for creating a standout researcher resume. By following the tips and advice provided in this article, job seekers in the field of research can create a strong and effective resume that will impress potential employers. The article will cover everything from formatting and structure to key skills to include and common mistakes to avoid. Whether you’re a recent graduate or an experienced researcher, this article will provide the information you need to create a winning resume.

Researcher Resume Basics

When it comes to applying for a research position, your resume serves as a tool to showcase your skills, experience, and achievements. Therefore, you need to make sure your resume contains certain essential components, adheres to specific formatting guidelines, and highlights the relevant keywords and phrases.

Essential Components of a Researcher Resume

Your resume should provide a clear and concise overview of your professional profile. Therefore, it should contain the following essential components:

Contact Information: Include your full name, email address, and phone number. It is also recommended to add your LinkedIn or personal website URL.

Professional Summary: This section should highlight your most relevant skills, experience, and achievements. Keep it brief and to the point, but make sure to emphasize your unique selling point.

Education and Certifications: List all of your academic degrees, including the institution name, graduation date, and relevant coursework. Also, add any relevant certificates or licenses you have acquired.

Work Experience: This section should detail your professional experience and accomplishments. List your work history in reverse chronological order and use bullet points to highlight your achievements.

Skills: Specify your relevant technical and soft skills, including languages, software, and research methodologies.

Formatting Guidelines

In addition to the essential components, it is important to follow specific formatting guidelines to make your resume stand out. Here are some tips:

Use a clear and legible font, such as Calibri or Arial, with a font size of 11-12 pt.

Use bullet points and short sentences to increase readability.

Make sure your resume fits on one or two pages.

Use task-oriented language and focus on measurable achievements.

Include white space to create a visually appealing layout.

Keywords and Phrases for a Researcher Resume

Using relevant keywords and phrases in your resume is essential for attracting the attention of recruiters and hiring managers. Here are some common ones:

Research methodologies: Mention the specific methodologies you have experience in, such as quantitative and qualitative research, data analysis, and statistical modeling.

Technical skills: Emphasize your proficiency in tools commonly used in research, such as SPSS, R, Stata, and Excel.

Soft skills: Highlight your communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for working in a research team.

Publications and presentations: Mention any research papers, articles, or presentations you have contributed to, as this indicates your expertise in specific areas.

By following these guidelines, you can create a powerful researcher resume that showcases your abilities and gets you noticed by prospective employers.

Researcher Resume Examples and Templates

General researcher resume samples.

For those starting out in their research careers or those looking to transition into research from another field, a general researcher resume template can be a great starting point. This type of resume should focus on highlighting transferable skills such as critical thinking, attention to detail, and excellent communication abilities, as well as any prior experience in research-related activities or projects.

General researcher resume samples should also feature a strong summary statement that emphasizes the individual’s passion and commitment to research, as well as any specific career objectives or goals. It is also important to highlight any relevant training or certifications that the candidate has received, including research methodology courses, data analysis tools, or project management training.

Early Career Researcher Resume Examples

For early career researchers, developing a well-crafted resume that highlights relevant experience and educational credentials is key. Early career researcher resume examples should reflect an emphasis on academic achievements such as dissertations, published research papers, and academic awards. Additionally, individuals with limited work experience in research-related positions may wish to focus on volunteer work or internships that demonstrate their commitment to research and their ability to effectively contribute to research projects.

In order to stand out in a competitive job market, early career researchers should also highlight any transferable skills that could be applicable to research roles, such as data analysis, project management, or communication skills. And building a strong professional network through conferences and other academic events can also help individuals in their job search efforts.

Experienced Researcher Resume Examples

For experienced researchers with a track record of success in their field, maximizing the impact of their resume is crucial. Experienced researcher resume examples should highlight their accomplishments in research, including publications, patents, and successful grant applications. They should also focus on showcasing specialized skills and knowledge in their areas of expertise, such as experience with specific research methods or advanced data analysis techniques.

When it comes to the presentation of their resume, experienced researchers can experiment with a more creative approach that sets them apart from the competition. For instance, they may wish to include a portfolio of their work or highlight their leadership experience in research teams. Ultimately, an experienced researcher’s resume should clearly communicate their depth of knowledge and expertise in their field.

Academic Researcher Resume Examples

Academic researchers require a highly specialized resume that speaks to their unique educational and professional backgrounds. Academic researcher resume examples should highlight educational degrees, including any doctoral or postdoctoral work, as well as academic honors and awards. They should also emphasize academic publications, presentations, and other scholarly contributions to the field.

Academic researchers may also wish to highlight their teaching experience, any service they’ve provided to their academic department or larger community, and any unique research projects they may have led or participated in. In contrast to other types of researchers, academics may find success in using a CV rather than a traditional resume format, given their extensive and diverse academic backgrounds.

Creating a Researcher Resume

A strong resume is essential for landing a researcher position. When creating your researcher resume, you should think carefully about how you present your skills, experience, and achievements. This section will explore best practices for creating a researcher resume, including assessing your skills and experience, writing a professional summary, designing a concise and relevant work history, showcasing achievements and awards, and highlighting education and training.

Assessing Skills and Experiences

Before you start writing your resume, it’s important to assess your skills and experiences relevant to the researcher position you’re applying for. Identify the key skills and experiences required for the role, then match those with your personal qualifications. Be sure to highlight your research experience, subject matter expertise, and analytical skills. Make a list of your hard and soft skills and use them to create a customized resume for each job you apply to.

Tips for Writing a Strong Professional Summary

Your professional summary is the first section of your resume and sets the tone for the rest of the document. It should be a concise statement that highlights your experience and qualifications for the position. Focus on what you can contribute to the organization – such as research experience, data analysis skills, or the ability to communicate complex ideas – to show your value. Be sure to tailor your summary to the specific job requirement, rather than using a generic statement for all applications.

Designing a Concise and Relevant Work History

Your work history should demonstrate your research expertise and accomplishments. Use bullet points to highlight your key responsibilities, achievements, and any relevant projects you’ve worked on. Make sure to use action verbs and include quantitative data wherever possible to showcase the impact of your work. If you’ve had multiple positions, only include those that are relevant to the job you’re applying for. Keep your work history concise, specifically highlighting the experience that reflects why you’re a candidate for the role.

Showcasing Achievements and Awards

When listing your achievements and awards, make sure they are relevant to the researcher position. These can include any publications, conference presentations, or research projects that demonstrate your skills and expertise to your team successfully. If possible, quantify your achievements to show the impact of your research. Aim for achievements and awards from the past two years to keep things up to date and make an impact.

Highlighting Education and Training

In the education and training section of your resume, make sure to include your degrees and certifications that are relevant to the researcher job. You can also include any relevant training courses or workshops you’ve attended to learn new research methods or techniques. If you have a significant amount of experience or a degree in a relevant field, your education section will likely be less extensive but still relevant to show the baseline understanding of the field.

When designing your researcher resume, make sure to tailor it to the specific job you’re applying for.

Customizing the Researcher Resume

Customizing your researcher resume can be the key to land your dream job in your field of expertise. Employers are always looking for individuals who match their job description and have the skills required for the job. As a researcher, you must demonstrate that you can do just that.

Here are some tips to keep in mind when customizing your researcher resume:

Tailoring to the Job Description

Tailoring your resume to the job description is a great way to show the employer that you have what they are looking for. A job description lists the necessary skills, qualifications, and experience required for the role. You should review the position’s job description thoroughly and tailor your resume to highlight the qualities that the employer is looking for. Use relevant keywords throughout your resume, so that your experience aligns with the job description.

Highlighting Transferable Skills

Transferable skills are the ones that you use in one industry, but that can be applied to another. Highlighting these skills gives you an advantage over other candidates when you are looking to transition to another industry. Communication, analytical reasoning, and problem solving are just a few examples of transferable skills that researchers possess.

Addressing Employment Gaps

Employment gaps can be stigmatized as lack of commitment, poor work ethic, or lack of experience. Employers recognize that researchers often work on specific projects, and as a result, they might have gaps between jobs. Be honest about gaps in your employment and explain them as briefly and truthfully as possible. You can use transferable skills such as volunteering, freelancing, or acquiring additional certifications to fill in any gaps.

Emphasizing Relevant Experience

Emphasis relevant experience on your resume within your field of expertise. This experience should include any research, publication, and presentations you have conducted or participated. If you are applying for a position in a specific industry, emphasize the relevant work experience you have in that industry.

Using Action Words and Phrases

Action-oriented language can make a difference to grab the employer’s attention. Keep your sentences short and begin with strong action verbs, such as “Directed,” “Conducted,” or “Developed.” Use power words like “Managed,” “Created,” “Improved,” or “Instituted,” whenever possible.

When customizing your researcher resume, remember that making your resume stand out can make a difference. Tailoring your resume to the position, emphasizing your transferable skills, addressing any employment gaps, and providing an emphasis on relevant experience using action words and phrases will make for a winning researcher’s resume.

Cover Letter for a Researcher Resume

When it comes to applying for a research position, a cover letter can be just as important as a strong resume. A cover letter is an opportunity to introduce yourself, highlight your key qualifications, and showcase your enthusiasm for the position.

Purpose and Importance of a Cover Letter for Researcher Position

The purpose of a researcher cover letter is to convince the employer that you are the best candidate for the job. It is your chance to showcase your personality, research experience, communication skills, and other relevant qualifications that might not be evident in your resume.

A well-written cover letter can make you stand out from the competition and increase your chances of being invited for an interview. It demonstrates your interest, professionalism, and attention to detail, making a positive first impression on potential employers.

Components of a Researcher Cover Letter

A researcher cover letter should be concise, informative, and tailored to the specific job you are applying for. It should include the following components:

Header:  Start with your name, address, phone number, and email address.

Salutation:  Address the letter to the hiring manager or the person who is responsible for the hiring decision.

Introduction:  In the opening paragraph, introduce yourself and explain why you are writing this letter. This is a good place to mention the job title you are applying for and where you heard about the position.

Body Paragraphs:  In the next few paragraphs, highlight your relevant qualifications and skills that make you an ideal candidate for the position. You can provide specific examples of your research experience, publications, software skills, or any other relevant qualifications that showcase your potential value to the employer.

Closing Paragraph:  End your letter by thanking the employer for considering your application, and express your interest in the position. You can also mention that you look forward to hearing from them soon and provide your contact information one more time.

Closing Salutation:  Sign off your letter with a professional closing such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” and include your name and signature.

Best Practices for Writing a Researcher Cover Letter

To write an effective researcher cover letter, follow these best practices:

Customize Your Letter for Each Job:  Avoid sending generic cover letters. Instead, tailor your letter to the specific job and employer, showcasing your interest and enthusiasm for the position.

Keep It Concise:  Your cover letter should be no longer than one page. Be concise and focus on your main qualifications that make you a good fit for the position.

Showcase Your Research Skills:  Make sure to highlight your research experience and skills, including any publications, citations, or presentations that demonstrate your expertise.

Provide Specific Examples:  Use specific examples to demonstrate your qualifications and how they align with the employer’s requirements.

Supplementary Materials for a Researcher Resume

When it comes to creating a strong researcher resume, it’s important to not only highlight your education and work experience, but also include any relevant supplementary materials that can set you apart from other candidates.

Here are four types of supplementary materials that can help strengthen your researcher resume:

Recommendation Letter

A strong recommendation letter can provide valuable insight into your work ethic and research abilities. Consider asking a former professor or supervisor for a recommendation letter that highlights your research skills, attention to detail, and ability to collaborate with others.

Research Publications and Presentations

If you’ve had any research publications or presentations, it’s important to include them in your resume. This demonstrates your ability to conduct in-depth research and share your findings with others. Be sure to include the title of the publication or presentation, the date it was published or presented, and any co-authors or collaborators.

Certifications and Licenses

Include any certifications or licenses that are relevant to your research work. This could include medical licenses, lab certifications, or specialized training in data analysis or research methodology. These certifications and licenses demonstrate your commitment to continued learning and your proficiency in your field.

Professional Associations and Memberships

Membership in professional associations and organizations shows that you’re committed to staying up-to-date with the latest research trends and techniques. If you’re an active member of any professional organizations, include them on your resume. This also demonstrates your willingness to collaborate with other researchers and expand your professional network.

Including supplementary materials in your researcher resume can help you stand out from other candidates and demonstrate your dedication to research and continued learning. As you prepare your resume, consider which supplementary materials are most relevant to your experience and field of research.

Additional Advice

When it comes to your researcher resume, the content is important, but so is the strategy behind it. Here are some additional pieces of advice to help you succeed in your job search:

Follow-Up and Networking

Don’t be afraid to follow up with the hiring manager after submitting your application. A brief email or phone call can show your enthusiasm for the position and keep you at the top of their mind.

Networking is also crucial in the job search process. Connect with others in your field through online communities or industry events. You never know who may have a connection to a hiring manager or know of an unadvertised job opening.

Job Search Techniques

Don’t limit yourself to online job postings. Consider reaching out to companies directly or working with a recruiter who can help connect you with opportunities.

Additionally, tailor your resume and cover letter to each job you apply for. Use the job description as a guide for highlighting the most relevant skills and experiences.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

One common mistake is using generic language and phrases in your resume. Avoid buzzwords and focus on specific accomplishments and skills.

Another mistake is submitting a one-size-fits-all resume. Take the time to customize your resume to each job you apply for to increase your chances of standing out.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should my resume be? Ideally, your resume should be one to two pages in length. However, if you have extensive experience or multiple relevant skills, it may be acceptable to have a longer resume.

Should I include references on my resume? No, it’s not necessary to include references on your resume. You can provide them separately if requested by the employer.

How often should I update my resume? It’s a good idea to update your resume every six to twelve months, even if you’re not actively job searching. This ensures that you always have an up-to-date version on hand.

By following these tips, you can create a strong researcher resume and increase your chances of landing your dream job. Good luck in your job search!

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• Resume Tips

Including Research on Your Resume: A Guide

Learn how to incorporate research experience examples on your resume

It’s not just scientists and PhD students who possess research experience examples, you know. Research experience examples are highly prized across a wide spectrum of roles and industries. Researchers, with their logical approach and acute attention to detail, are invaluable to employers. After all, new ideas often spring up following exhaustive analyses of existing practices.

So, is it any surprise that innovative companies around the world look for employees who possess comprehensive research skills?

What exactly are research skills?

Research skills are those talents required to investigate and analyze a subject, and then communicate the findings to others. In short, there’s no easily-defined skill that encompasses all of these qualities. Instead, it’s a combination of abilities to research that involves the effective use of a range of other skills .

Most relate to critical thinking in some way. They involve accumulating information and using it to draw reasoned conclusions. Naturally, these conclusions need to be conveyed to others using effective communication.

The good news is that most people possess at least some skill in researching. However, many jobseekers just don’t recognize that they have these skills or why they matter to employers.

Employers value these skills because they’re essential to progress. Innovation only comes from research and inspired insight. As a result, companies that rely on innovation to remain competitive tend to rely on employees who happen to be talented researchers. 

Obviously, there are entire fields of industry that use researchers for that sole purpose. In a more general sense though, research skills are widely used by many different types of employees, and they use them in almost every industry in the marketplace.

In this post, we’ll help you identify your research experience examples, and show you how and where to include them on a resume.

Important research skills you may already possess (without even realizing!)

When listing research experience examples on your resume, it’s important to remember that most of them won’t necessarily be core skills for the job that you’re seeking. Unless you’re applying for a job as a researcher, these skills will be transferable. That means they might not be essential for the position, but will certainly enhance your value as a potential employee.

To better understand your own research skills, it’s important to be able to identify them.

Here are some common and valuable research-related skills that many employees possess. Chances are that you’ve used at least some of these in your career.

For example:

Attention to detail — this seemingly simple skill is one that employers truly appreciate. People who possess an ability to note even the smallest details can be invaluable when identifying problems and creating solutions.

Planning and scheduling — every research project starts with a plan and a schedule. These are also transferable skills that have application throughout almost every industry.

Data collection — top notch research depends on robust data. If you’re a skilled data collector, that talent will be useful for any company’s research needs.

Problem-solving — at some level, research is about resolving problems . Whether it’s a graduate thesis or a corporate study, there’s always a question that needs to be answered.

Technical proficiency — knowing your way around a computer and other technology is an essential skill in modern research.

Critical thinking — data collection is pointless if no one ever considers what that data actually means. That analysis requires critical thinking and the ability to analyze and draw reasonable conclusions.

Project management — can you manage projects in an orderly and effective way? Every research project requires effective management.

Effective communication — whether it’s an oral presentation or a written report, research findings always need to be communicated to others.

How to list research on a resume

For research, summarize your accomplishments in a brief section. You should include a description of your role in the research, the topic that you were exploring, and some information about your findings. 

Include quantifiable data and/or figures to back up your experience and examples as much as you can, as this will evidence what you’ve achieved.

Dec 2022 – Apr 2024

Research Assistant , Economics Department, Dynamic University

Key participant in a research project examining the impact of blockchain technology on financial intermediation. Explored case studies on cross-border payment systems, interbank transactions, and microtransactions for e-commerce.

Designed a model simulation to study blockchain-based payment systems.

Worked in tandem with Alpha and Delta Finance to create simulated interbank transfers using digitized tokens.

Studied ecommerce script integration for cryptocurrency payments.

Valued member of a 3-person team tasked with presenting findings at the 2023 National Banking Technology Conference

Jan 2023 – Jul 2023

PhD Student, Forestry & Agricultural Institute (FABI), University of South Africa

Focused on a project on the taxonomic identification of pathogens associated with pests on Chinese conifer trees by running DNA sequence analysis. Processed samples of diseased trees from different parts of South Africa in the diagnostic clinic, and identified pests and diseases using microscope and molecular techniques. Delivered a comprehensive final report with recommendations to clients.

Key Achievements

Published three research papers in peer-reviewed journals, including Fungal Diversity and the Pest Control Journal.

Presented scientific research at various conferences.

Published posters to aid further scientific discussion.

2018 - 2020

Laboratory Technician, ALS Food & Pharmaceuticals, Chatteris, UK          

Processed samples of food and vitamins, extracted fatty acids, ran gas chromatography techniques / analysis and delivered relevant data to the Laboratory Manager.

Entrusted with training up new members of staff and section materials / analysis.

Example of research listed on a resume

See below on how to list research experience examples on your resume.

Another way of showing off your research experience examples is if you’ve had a lot of research papers, peer reviews, or abstracts published that have come out of your extensive research. You’ll certainly want to draw attention to these.

List your publications with the official title, all of the authors, if there were more than just you, the name of the publication, the chapter and page numbers, and the year it was published.

There is extra information here on how to list publications on your resume with a specific guide for researchers.

Because the normal length of a resume in 2024 is two pages, this publication section might take you way over that. If you can’t fit it all into the two pages, put your publications in an appendix section, and add a line either in your CV or in a cover letter indicating that.

Where do you put research experience on a resume?

If you’re keen to secure a research-based position, it’s worth having a separate section for your research skills, entitled Skills Matrix or Key Competencies . This is so a recruiting manager can immediately see what research-related skills you possess. It’s a good idea to place this section right underneath the Professional Profile, and before the Career Summary section, so it’s front and center.

See below for an example of what to potentially include.

Skills Matrix

Research Management | Statistical Data Analysis | Chemical Analysis | Raw Material Analysis | Quality Control | Quality Assurance | Quality Management | Strategic Planning | Project Management | Project Planning | Project Delivery | Problem Resolution | Report Writing | Publications | Laboratory Techniques | Leadership | Team Building | Team Management | Staff Engagement | Staff Training | Client Engagement | Time Management | Scheduling | SOP Management | 

Scan the job advert for keywords and phrases that you can also incorporate in this section… as long as you possess them, of course.

Make those valuable research skills work for you

Finally, do more than just list your research experience examples on your resume. Put them to good use by researching the company you’re wanting to join, and mentioning the things that you’ve learned in your cover letter and at the interview. Not only will that showcase your research abilities, it will also demonstrate your real desire to join the team.

In the end, that’s the best way of improving your chances of landing that great job you’re after.

If you’re still unsure about how to include any research experience examples on your resume, let ZipJob’s free resume review help. Just upload your resume to find out what you need to do to improve.

Recommended reading:

How to List Education on Your Resume (+ Examples)

How To Find A Job Fast: 10 Expert Tips (+ Examples)

What is Analytical Intelligence (+10 Examples)

Elizabeth Openshaw, Editor & Content Writer, Elizabeth Openshaw, Editor & Content Writer

Elizabeth Openshaw is an Elite CV Consultant with over 12 years of experience based in Brighton, UK, with an English degree and an addiction to Wordle! She is a former Journalist of 17 years with the claim to fame that she interviewed three times Grand Slam winner and former World No.1 tennis player, Andy Murray, when he was just 14 years old. You can connect with her at Elizabeth Openshaw | LinkedIn .

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Researcher Resume Example

Delving into data, but your resume lacks discovery? Explore this Researcher resume example, crafted using Wozber free resume builder. Learn how to infuse your investigative prowess into a format that aligns with job contours, guiding your career journey towards groundbreaking insights!

Researcher Resume Templates

How to write a Researcher Resume?

Hello, aspiring Researcher! In the realm of science and discovery, your resume is the beacon that lights your path to professional acclaim. With the right strategy, devised with the aid of a free resume builder like Wozber, you're setting the stage for a resume that doesn't just get you noticed - it gets you remembered. Get ready to embark on a journey to transform your resume into a document that's as engaging and innovative as the research projects you dream of leading.

Personal Details

First impressions count double in the job-hunting process, especially when you're aiming to break into the competitive field of research.

1. Start With Clarity

Your name is not just a label; it's the first statement of your personal brand. Ensure it stands out by choosing a clear, readable font that doesn't get lost in the design of your resume. On a document primed with an ATS-friendly resume template from Wozber, it will shine even brighter.

2. Position Titles Matter

Directly below your name, position yourself as the ideal candidate by stating the job title you're aspiring for – "Researcher". This signals immediately to the hiring manager and the ATS that you're a match for the role.

3. Contact Info That Connects

Make sure your phone number and a professional email address are easy to find and correctly entered. An error here could mean a missed opportunity. And remember, with Wozber, you can ensure this critical info is not just present, but optimally placed for readability.

4. Location, Location, Location

Given the job calls for someone based in Los Angeles, California, making your location clear aligns your application with those precise requirements. It's not just about where you are; it's about showing you're exactly where they need you to be.

5. Digital Presence

A clean, professional online profile can significantly bolster your application. Include a link to your LinkedIn or a personal website if it showcases your professional achievements or publications. It's a digital era, and a strong online presence can set you apart.

Your personal details are the gateway to your resume. By refining this section, you lay down a professional, polished entrance into your world. Wozber's free resume builder ensures that this crucial part of your resume is not just ATS-compliant but inviting for any hiring manager to delve deeper.

Here is where you demonstrate how your past paves the way for your future success, especially for an intensely result-driven field like research.

• Conducted innovative and impactful research projects in the fields of Biology and Chemistry resulting in 5 published research papers in renowned scientific journals.
• Collected, analyzed, and interpreted complex data from various experiments leading to the discovery of a novel drug compound with a 90% success rate on cell lines.
• Collaborated closely with a team of 15 scientists, successfully leading two research initiatives which received funding grants worth $2.5 million.
• Remained updated with the latest advancements, attended five national and international conferences, and introduced three emerging techniques in the lab.
• Mentored and supervised five junior researchers, ensuring their work aligned with project objectives and providing guidance in data analysis and report writing.
• Supported senior researchers with data collection and analysis, enhancing project efficiency by 30%.
• Played a pivotal role in a team that developed a series of patented therapeutic compounds.
• Introduced statistical software packages in the department, reducing data analysis time by 50%.
• Assisted in the preparation and submission of three research grant proposals that received funding worth $1.2 million.
• Co‑authored seven scientific articles in peer‑reviewed journals, elevating the company's research reputation.

1. Match Job Requirements

Break down the job description and align your past roles with the expectations. If the position emphasizes data analysis, showcase how your contribution to a project led to groundbreaking findings. This tells the hiring manager and the ATS that your experience is directly relevant.

2. Chronology and Clarity

Structure your experience in reverse chronological order. Begin with your most recent position to instantly communicate your current expertise level. Using an ATS-friendly resume format, like those available on Wozber, ensures this information is accessible and clear.

3. Quantify Your Science

When you discuss leading research initiatives or mentoring junior researchers, quantify these achievements. Did your leadership result in published papers or successful funding acquisition? Numbers speak volumes and bring tangible evidence of your impact, making your application ATS-optimized and visually compelling.

4. Relevancy is Key

While your broad range of skills and experiences might be impressive, prioritize relevance. Tailor each point to mirror the specific requirements of the job, ensuring every line reinforces why you're the perfect fit for the Researcher role.

5. Embrace Brevity

Your aim is to be as informative as possible without overwhelming the reader. Keep each accomplishment concise and impactful, focusing on the results and what you've learned. This approach keeps the hiring manager engaged and highlights your ability to communicate effectively - a crucial skill for any researcher.

In the Experience section, each entry must demonstrate your capabilities and achievements. It's not just about having done something; it's about showcasing how well you did it and the impact it had. With Wozber's ATS resume scanner, you can ensure that your experience speaks directly to what hiring managers and ATS systems are looking for.

In research, your educational background is not just a testament to your knowledge. It's proof of your dedication, analytical prowess, and intellectual curiosity.

1. Highlight Relevant Degrees

Begin with the highest degree that aligns with the job requirements, showcasing your academic credentials. Ensure these are easy to find and understand, utilizing the ATS-friendly resume templates provided by Wozber to manage and display this information effectively.

2. Simple, Structured Listings

Maintain a simple, streamlined structure for presenting your degrees. For each, provide the type of degree, your major, and the institution. If your research has been published or cited, consider including a separate section or a link to where these can be accessed.

3. Focus on Relevance

Given the job's specifics, prioritize the degrees that are most relevant. For instance, if applying for a research position requiring expertise in Chemistry and Biology, highlight a PhD in Biology and Master of Science in Chemistry. Make these degrees easy to spot for both the hiring manager and the ATS.

4. Additional Academic Achievements

For roles that prize innovation and thought leadership, such as a Researcher, include any additional academic accolades, scholarships, or significant projects that showcase your capacity for breakthrough thinking. This illustrates not just competence, but the potential for impactful contributions.

5. Updating and Precision

Ensure your educational achievements are up to date and accurately reflected. Misinformation can derail your application process. Additionally, make sure the nomenclature and dates align with the official records, as inconsistencies can negatively impact ATS optimization.

Your education section is more than a history of your academic journey; it's a platform to showcase your readiness and suitability for the Researcher role. By thoughtfully structuring this section with the help of free resume builder like Wozber, you ensure your academic pedigree is displayed in the best light for ATS and hiring managers alike.

Certificates

In a field that thrives on specificity and expertise, tailor-made certifications can be the seal of credibility on your research prowess.

1. Identify Relevant Certifications

Though the job may not explicitly require specific certifications, including those related to research methodologies or statistical software demonstrates your commitment to staying at the forefront of your field. Pick the ones that resonate most with the responsibilities of a Researcher.

2. Quality Over Quantity

List certifications that underscore your expertise and dedication to the field. Including Certified Research Professional (CRP) or Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) certifications not only showcases your specialized knowledge but also prepares your resume for ATS optimization by highlighting keywords likely to be scanned.

3. Detailing Your Achievements

For each certification, include the issuing body and the date of acquisition or validity. This adds layers of credibility and precision to your resume, ensuring it passes through ATS checks with flying colors.

4. Stay Updated

The field of research is continuously evolving, and so should your certifications. Proactively pursue new learning opportunities and keep your existing certifications up to date. This showcases a growth mindset, a trait highly valued in Researcher roles.

In the competitive world of research, your certifications are not just decorative. They're a testament to your skills, learning, and dedication. Curating this section with Wozber ensures that your resume, designed with an ATS-friendly resume format, makes a strong case for your candidacy by highlighting certifications pertinent to the Researcher role.

Your skills section is a concise showcase of your professional arsenal. Make it count by aligning your capabilities with the demands of the Researcher role.

1. Extract from the Job Description

Begin with a deep dive into the job posting, identifying both the stated and implied skills required. For a Researcher, technical proficiency in data collection, analysis, and statistical software is as crucial as excellent communication for presenting findings.

2. Tailor Your Skill Set

Match your skill set precisely with the job description. Highlight your expertise in "Data Collection" and "Data Analysis" as well as your command over "Written and Verbal Communication" and your proficiency in "Statistical Software". This direct alignment speaks to both the ATS and the discerning eye of a hiring manager.

3. Prioritize and Organize

Instead of listing every skill you possess, curate a selection that mirrors the job requirements. Prioritize them in order of relevance and expertise, ensuring the most critical skills for the role are impossible to overlook. This organized approach not only aids in ATS optimization but also in creating a focused narrative of your professional aptitude.

The skills section of your resume is your professional signature. By carefully selecting and presenting your skills, you're not just listing your abilities; you're illustrating how they align with the needs of a Researcher. This alignment, crafted with precision on a free resume builder like Wozber, is a crucial step in advancing your career.

In the vast and diverse field of research, your ability to communicate in multiple languages can provide a significant edge, especially in collaborative projects or those with global perspectives.

1. Assess Job Language Requirements

"English language efficiency is a requirement" as stated in the job description. This critical requirement should headline your languages section to affirm your alignment with the role's needs.

2. Prioritize Natively and Fluently Spoken Languages

Listing English as a Native language immediately captures the attention of the hiring manager and the ATS, fulfilling the primary language requirement. If you are fluent in additional languages like Spanish, include them to emphasize your adaptability and global perspective.

3. Be Precise About Your Level of Proficiency

Clearly define your proficiency level for each language. This transparency ensures there's no ambiguity about your ability to communicate effectively in various settings, making your profile more appealing for roles that value diverse linguistic skills.

4. Consider the Role's Scope

Think about how your multilingual skills could provide an advantage in the research field. Even if not directly requested, being fluent in another language might open doors to international collaboration or conference participation, elevating your value as a researcher.

5. Continuous Improvement

In a globally connected world, every additional language you speak is an asset. Emphasize your commitment to linguistic growth as part of your personal and professional development, showcasing a readiness to engage with diverse teams and research communities.

Your linguistic skills are more than just a personal achievement; they are a professional asset in the interconnected world of research. Demonstrating your proficiency in essential languages and your commitment to linguistic growth highlights your potential for impactful contributions. Let Wozber assist you in crafting a resume that speaks volumes about your global readiness, ensuring every word is perfectly positioned for ATS optimization.

Your summary is where you tie it all together: your ambitions, your achievements, and your promise as a Researcher. This is your moment to make a compelling case for why you belong at the forefront of discovery.

1. Reflect the Role's Essence

Start by encapsulating the essence of the Researcher position. Highlight your experience in "academic and industry research" and your "expertise in data collection, analysis, and presenting research findings," directly addressing the core requirements of the job.

2. Introduce Yourself

Your introduction should immediately align your professional identity with the needs of the role. Mention your years of experience and areas of specialty, establishing your credibility and setting the tone for the rest of your resume.

3. Detail Your Impact

Within a few lines, convey how your work has contributed to the field. Have your efforts led to innovative discoveries or enhanced research methodologies? This section should summarize the significance of your contributions and the potential you bring to the new role.

4. Conciseness is Key

Your summary should be a potent distillation of your professional narrative. Aim for precision and impact, ensuring every word contributes to an image of you as a proactive, impactful Researcher. This strategic brevity will capture the attention of hiring managers and ensure your most compelling attributes can't be overlooked.

The summary is more than an introduction; it's your professional brand statement, a snapshot of your unique value as a Researcher. Craft it with care, ensuring it reflects your skills, experiences, and the impact you're poised to make. With Wozber's ATS optimization tools, you can rest assured that your summary will not just be seen but felt by those who matter.

Embarking on Your Researcher Journey

Congratulations on fine-tuning your resume into an articulate, ATS-compliant document that radiates your potential. The path to securing your dream Researcher role is clearer now. Each section of your resume, meticulously crafted with the help of Wozber's free resume builder , stands as a testament to your dedication and skill. Now, go forth and channel your expertise into a role that promises discovery and growth. Your future as a groundbreaking Researcher is waiting.

• Master's or PhD in a relevant field such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics, or a related discipline.
• A strong track record in academic or industry research with a minimum of 3 years of post-graduate experience.
• Proficiency in data collection, data analysis, and statistical software.
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills for presenting research findings and collaborating with multidisciplinary teams.
• Familiarity with relevant research methodologies and the ability to adapt to emerging techniques.
• English language efficiency is a requirement.
• Must be located in Los Angeles, California.
• Conduct innovative and impactful research projects within the designated field of study.
• Collect, analyze, and interpret data to generate research reports and scientific publications.
• Collaborate with internal and external stakeholders to explore potential research collaborations or grants.
• Remain updated with the latest advancements in the field, attending conferences and workshops as necessary.
• Mentor and supervise junior researchers and/or research assistants.

Other Science and Research Resume Examples

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A Guide to Listing Research and Publications on your Resume or CV

With there being only so much room on your resume or CV, space can get taken up very easily…

Making you wonder…

Should all my publications and research get listed on my resume?

It’s a big question with a simple answer.

If you’ve got work or papers that:

Then you most definitely should include them on your resume. You want your prospective employer to be able to see exactly what you’re capable of and the actual work you’ve done is perfect.

You want to make it easy for the person thinking about hiring you to see your range of experience and knowledge in your field; this is what citing your published work will do.

Papers will also demonstrate some soft skills like good writing and the ability to analyze data .

When you’ve got a good library of publications, how do you choose which ones to include?

What format should you use in your citation?

For answers, you’ve come to the right place.

We’ve pulled together the rules and tips you need for adding your publications to your resume or CV to help get things perfect.

The right time to add publications to a resume or CV

The first thing you need to do is assess the job role that you’re applying for and decide if your published work is relevant.

You only have a small amount of space and it gets full, quickly.

The best advice you’ll get is to only include publications that match the job you’re applying for and support the points you’re making elsewhere in the resume.

To make it easy to follow, here are the main times you’re going to find listing your publications to be useful on your resume or CV:

Deciding which publications to use on your CV or resume

Your first instinct is probably to add everything you’ve ever achieved in life, but you need to make sure you’re targeting your information to the person reading your document.

• When you have papers that confer kudos, make you look more qualified, or demonstrate key skills for the role, these are the papers that you include.
• When you’ve got industry-specific publications or ones that really highlight a skillset, make sure you add them on.
• Articles about hobbies or casual subjects probably aren’t going to impress the hiring manager and can be omitted.

With all of this to think about, you’re probably thinking about which publications are the right ones to add to your resume or CV.

For your curriculum vitae , note down anything that has authority in its field that has been or will soon be published.

These could be:

• Books for academia
• Journal and publication research papers
• Not-yet-published research papers
• Articles of a scholarly nature
• Papers presented at conferences

The right type of publications to list on your resume include:

• Presentations at trade conferences
• Chapters of books or whole books
• Trade association magazine articles
• Industry journal publications

Pro-Tip Not every publication belongs on your CV. Don’t include blogs, website content, or nonscientific or magazine articles. Also, if your thesis didn’t get published, it belongs in your “ Education ” section.

Why are resumes and CVs different for listing publications?

The question of the difference between a CV and resume should probably be tackled first!

Your resume contains a summary of your skills and experience in brief, covering just one or two pages.

Conversely, your CV is packed with detail and will run well over two pages in length.

You should be writing a different resume that’s specific to each position you’re applying for, whilst your CV remains static and you tailor your cover letter for each job you go for.

How does all of this affect how you show your published work?

This breaks it down for you:

Getting to the nitty-gritty…

Examples for listing publications on a resume

You’re here because you’re wondering…

Let’s answer that for you…

We’re going to give you the rules you need to follow for citing publications on your resume. It includes the order you need to use and the simple structure to follow to give you the perfect Publications section of your resume:

• Use a dedicated section called “Publications” so it’s easy for the recruiter to find
• Order it using reverse chronology , meaning you start with the most recently published and give each publication its own bullet point. Pick out your recent and relevant works so you can conserve space for all the other important things
• Pick the right style for your list. You don’t need to follow MLA (Modern Language Association) or APA (American Psychological Association) styling, rather you can make a list that covers the title of the work, where it was published, and the date it was featured. As an example: “Components of Neo-gothic Churches in Nineteenth-Century England” British Journal of Architecture, June 2018

Pro-Tip APA style is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences. It was developed by The American Psychological Association. MLA style is the leading style of documentation for literary research, as well as academic papers in the humanities field. It was developed by The Modern Language Association.

For including a written publication, it should look like this:

• Title of article or chapter, then the name of the journal/magazine/website
• Last name of the author, then first and middle names or initials
• Publication year
• Issue or publisher’s number, and volume and page numbers where applicable
• If the paper is available online, be sure to add the URL too

To cite a paper presented at a conference:

• Note your role, such as presenter, panelist, or keynote speaker
• The topic or title that was discussed
• Conference or forum name
• Where and when the presentation took place

Imagine you’re looking for a SEO consultant role and the skills you need to be showing are around SEO.

This is an example of how you’d cite relevant publications for these key skills:

• Panelist: “Native SEO and How to Host It” HostCon, 2019
• “SEO in the Next Decade” Internet Trends, June 2019
• “Best Advanced SEO Techniques” Content Guru, Turin Publishing, Dec 2018
• “Hold the Front Page: Modern SEO” Searchzone, Feb 2018

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Examples for listing publications on a CV

We’ve already established that…

Your CV, or curriculum vitae, is what you use instead of a resume in the world of academia.

Rather than picking out the best bits of your publication history for your resume, on your CV you get to show absolutely everything you’ve had published during your career, except obsolete one.

There are a few different things to consider when you’re formatting your publications to go on to your CV :

• Have the right format. With only a few publications to cite you can just add a section called “Research and Publications” within your CV, when your list is more comprehensive you’ll need to use dedicated pages for your citations
• Be consistent with your style of citations , whether you choose to use MLA or APA. A general rule of thumb is that humanities fields like languages, social sciences, and philosophy generally use MLA whilst science and engineering fields tend to opt for APA style.
• Go in reverse chronological order starting with your most recent published work and go back in descending order, all the way back to your first published article
• Don’t refer to publications that are now obsolete , you’re fine to ignore things that have been superseded or aren’t relevant to your job or field any more
• Note work that’s yet to be published but is being peer-reviewed at the time you’re writing your CV. Format these papers in italics and don’t include the name of the journal you have sent them to.
• Highlight your byline when you have co-authors or collaborators by putting your name in bold, remember not to miss out on anyone’s name

Here’s a guide to the different styles that you may be expected to use:

To give you some examples of what your listed publications would look like based on the type of work and the style you decide to use:

Pro-Tip Make sure you keep your list up to date as your career progresses and you get more articles, books, or presentations published. Each time something new goes live, add it to the top of your CV’s Publication and Research section.

When you have publications to cite on your CV or resume, it shows that you have skills, knowledge, and interest in your field. A potential employer will only see this in a positive light; they want you to be engaged in the work that you do.

It’s really important that everything that you include about your published history is correct and up to date, as well as relevant.

You can add publications to your CV or resume in a number of ways, depending on your field and purpose.

To be doubly sure that you’ve got it, here’s how to write publications on a resume and CV:

Publications on your resume :

• Put them in a separate section called “Publications”
• Include each publication in a new bullet point
• List the year and title
• Add the name of the magazine, website, or journal
• Only include publications that are relevant to the job you’re applying for

For your CV, usually, you'd include all your academic publications.

Publications for your CV :

• Include all of your academic publications
• Choose a citation style for your list and stick to it
• Start with the most recent publication and work backward
• Bold your byline when you’ve shared credit
• Don’t use outdated, disproved, or obsolete works

However, you choose to format your list, make sure that it looks tidy and well organized so any hiring manager knows exactly what they’re looking at.

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How to list publications on a resume like a pro with examples

Determine whether they are relevant 

Create a “publications” section, bullet-point each title with specific details , use a uniform citation style throughout, adopt the reverse chronological order , don’t overload your resume with titles, mla format example , apa format example , general format example , show off your glimmering accomplishments and make your application shine .

Your resume is the shop window to your career. At a mere glance, recruiters should be able to see what it is that you have to offer. For that reason, you need to position all of your accomplishments and experience in plain sight. Don’t make things difficult for them. If you have them, it’s worth learning how to list your publications on your resume correctly. 

Whether we’re talking about academic papers, journals, books, or articles, if you’ve penned a project, you deserve to shout about it. Here at Resume.io, we want to empower your job search. In the following guide, we will be covering these core topics: 

• Whether you should include publications on your resume
• The best ways to list publications on this document
• Examples of how you should include publication titles on your resume.

Should I put publications on my resume?

Do research papers add value to a resume? The short answer is yes! Whenever you’re applying for a job, the aim is to stand out from the crowd. Chances are, you will be up against a whole array of applicants that have similar work experiences and qualifications as you do. So, what is it that makes you special? Why are you better than the rest?

Having authored something of value shows that you are a trusted professional. There are plenty of options here. You may have written a research paper if you work in the realm of academia. If you’re a consultant, you could have published a best-selling book sharing your expertise. Whatever it is you’ve written, you can use it to strengthen your resume.

It doesn’t matter if you are applying for a professional or academic role, the rules remain the same. Including specific publications on your resume is a winner. However, there is a certain finesse to adding them to your application, and it pays dividends to learn it.

How to list publications on your resume

How do you write a list of publications on your resume? When you’re first applying for jobs, you may find sliding them onto the document tricky. (Psst… You can take a look at our complete formatting guide here .) Finding the right place for these titles is half of the battle. You also need to make sure that there is consistency in the way you list them.

If you’re scratching your head and wondering where to begin, we have your back. To get you started, let’s take a look at the golden rules when listing publications on a resume: 

First up, decide whether the publications are relevant to your current application. If you’re applying for a job as an accountant, the recruiter is unlikely to care that you’ve written a self-help book about saving failing marriages. Before you start making your list, ask yourself whether these titles align with the position and industry to which you’re applying.

The truth of the matter is that publications can add real value to your application — but only if they are applicable to the role. You may be immensely proud of a wildlife article you wrote for a local magazine but, unless you’re applying for a job working with animals, it doesn’t matter. Be selective about the publications you choose to include on your resume.

The simplest way to include titles on your resume is to create a dedicated “publications” section. That way, the reader can quickly see the titles that you have written. On average, recruiters spend seven seconds reviewing each application. You don’t have too long to pique their interest and showcase your achievements. Make those moments count.  

You can insert this section below your experience, toward the bottom of the page. While it shouldn’t take up too much of the document, you want to ensure that the section is clear. To get your message across, you might want to have it in a pull-out box, for instance.

Now that you know where to list publications on your resume, let’s get down to the nitty, gritty details. As a guide, you should include the title of your paper or article, the publication it appeared in, and the date of publication. You can do this in a bullet-pointed list. You don’t need to include any other details but may want to hyperlink to the article. 

Does your article or paper need a longer citation? If so, you should choose which style you want to use. The two main options here are Modern Language Association (MLA) style or American Psychological Association (APA) style — but there are others too. It doesn’t particularly matter what format you use here so long as there is uniformity throughout your resume. Whatever approach you decide to take, you need to make sure that you use the same one with each publication you list on your resume. 

In most cases, it makes sense to use a reverse chronological approach when you’re listing publications on your resume. In short, that means that you include your most recent title at the top of the list and work your way back in time as you move down. Recruiters will be most interested in recent accolades so it’s logical to put them at the top. Aside from that, it’s helpful to have a straightforward ordering system when structuring your resume.

Are you something of a wordsmith? If you’re constantly publishing new articles, research papers, and even books, that is a massive feather in your hat. However, the last thing you want to do is overload your resume with a colossal list of titles. Resume real estate is valuable — you don’t want to waste it. Figure out which publications are most important. 

Quick examples of ​​how to list publications on a CV

The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is often used for publications on a CV. Follow this simple structure: last name, first initial, article title, journal name, volume number, issue number, year, and then page number(s). Take a look at our example below. 

• Smith, L. “The Importance of Taylor Swift in the Modern Zeitgeist.” Music and the Contemporary World 2. 0162 (2017): 37 

Cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude — any of these hard-won claims to bragging rights may sound like mumbo jumbo to those who are both unfamiliar and impressed. Be mystified no more, as we decipher and differentiate these Latin terms using relatable language.

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is the other common approach. For this one, use this structure: last name, first name, article title, journal name, volume number, issue number, page number(s), and year. Check out our example here. 

• Smith, L. The Importance of Taylor Swift in the Modern Zeitgeist. Music and the Contemporary World. 2 (0162) 37. 2017

What if you haven’t written a research paper but a mainstream article? Never fear, you can list this one simply in the following format: title, publication, year. See our example below. 

• How Taylor Swift Revolutionized Celebrity Culture, Forbes, 2017

Key takeaways

• Listing publications on your resume is a quick way to strengthen your application.
• Make sure the titles are appropriate for your application. The subject matter should relate directly to the job role and sector.
• Choose a uniform citation style — APA format, MLA format, or a general approach works well.
• Don’t include too many publications on your resume. You need to ensure that the document is easy to read and not too cramped.

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How to Add Publications to a Resume or CV (+ Examples)

Publications make your resume competitive and give you an edge over competitors. Find out when, where, and how to add publications on resume or CV.

Employers today are on the lookout for candidates with solid research and writing skills.

To be more “hireable,” you must prove that you possess these skills.

That’s where knowing how to list publications on your resume or CV comes in.

A publication in your name shows that you’re capable of researching a topic, writing about it excellently, and proving your expertise in the subject matter!

In essence, it makes your resume more competitive and gives you the edge you need in securing your dream job.

In this post, you’ll find out when, where, and how to include publications on your resume or CV.

What Is a Publication?

The word “publication” generally refers to a written or digital production made available for distribution. It is an intellectual work that has been researched, written, and published.

Publications make your resume more competitive and keep you ahead of other applicants.

That said, for a publication to be deemed eligible for your resume or CV, it must:

• Be published or in the process of being published
• Be relevant to the job you’re applying for
• Have you listed as an author or collaborator

When you include publications on your resume and CV, they show your research, writing, and logical skills, all of which are in high demand in the corporate world today.

When to Include Publications on Your Resume or CV

Although this depends on the job you are pursuing, as well as the significance of your publication to the industry, these guides will help you determine when to list a publication on your resume or CV:

• If you’re applying for a job in the scientific or academic industry, you should list publications.
• If you’re applying for a job outside the scientific or academic industry, you may still add a publication to boost your resume or CV. However, the publication must be relevant to the job you’re applying for.

While creating your resume or CV, always try to stay as tightly relevant to the job you are applying for as possible. 

Where to Put Publications on Resume and a CV

As a general rule, you will list publications after your education. This is because they help to complement your education and show employers how you utilized the knowledge you acquired.

On the other hand, you would not list your publications in the education section if your articles have been published in magazines or other nonscientific periodicals.

Also, if your publications are not really relevant to the job you are applying for, you should add them to the “additional information” section of the resume.

Finally, if you have more than one peer-reviewed publication, you can create a different section on your resume or CV labeled “Publications.” 

Then, follow the steps listed in the “How to List Publications on a CV” and “How to List Publications on a Resume” sections below.

Before we jump into that, let’s first discuss the difference between utilizing the accomplishment of published works on a resume versus a CV.

Publications on a Resume vs a CV

Publications on a resume are similar to, yet also different from, publications on a CV.

For one, listing publications on a CV is often more important than listing them on resumes. This is because CVs are generally more encompassing and longer. 

So, the more actual proof of knowledge and experience you can provide, the better.

Publications on CVs are also more common than on resumes due to the fact that people who list publications are often looking to get a job in scientific or academic fields.

These industries usually require a CV, so job seekers have to opt for a more detailed representation of their skills and experiences.

In other words, the people most likely to list a publication are looking to acquire academic jobs, and the jobs themselves are better approached with a CV than with a resume.

How to List Publications on a Resume

Listing publications on a resume is a lot simpler than listing them for a CV.

First of all, note that there is no universal layout for listing your publications on your resume, but it is vital to include your publication’s title and where it was published. This will give your potential employer access to the publication, if necessary.

Here’s the process for listing relevant publications on your resume:

• Create a section on your resume titled “Publications.”
• Use reverse chronological order when listing, starting with your most recent published works.
• Use a new bullet point for each publication.
• Pick only publications that are relevant and showcase applicable skills or knowledge.
• Pick a listing style, such as the common MLA or APA styles. You can also just include the respective works’ titles, publisher’s name, and date without following a specific style guide. Make sure your publications have the same formatting as your other sections.
• When listing publications that are in the process of being printed but are not presently available, you should list them as “in press.”
• Do not include written works on a resume if they have not been approved or accepted for publishing!
• Finally, if your publications are not relevant enough to the position you are applying for, it’s advisable not to create a “Publications” section solely for them in your resume or CV. Instead, summarize them in the “Other Activities” section and include details such as the title, the name of the magazine/journal, date of publication, etc.

Now, let’s have a look at an example.

Example of How to List Publications on a Resume 

Publications

• “Simplifying the Jargons of Coding,” TekPoint, April 2017.
• “Write to Appeal: A Guide to Evoking Emotion,” Ink HousePress, 2019.
• “From Trash to Cash: How to Sell What People Hate,” Marketing eXpo, 2020.

The above example shows a separate section on resume titled “Publications”. But the formatting of each of the entries shown above will be the same no matter where you put them on your resume.

How to List Publications on a CV

To list your publications on your CV, follow this simple guide:

• Choose your style. You can use a specific formatting style such as the MLA, Chicago, IEEE, or APA format.
• Use a reverse chronological order : List your most recently published works first.
• Don’t list out-of-date publications that are no longer relevant to your field.
• Feel free to add your pending works. Make sure that you note they are “in press.”
• Make your byline noticeable : When listing publications with more than one author, put your name in bold, but do not omit any other authors’ names.

The two most common formats are the MLA and APA formats.

The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is generally used by people in the humanities field, including history, arts, and philosophy.

The MLA format looks like this:

[Last Name], [First Name]. “[Article Title].” [ Journal Name ], [Volume Number], [Issue Number], [Year], [Pages]

The American Psychological Association (APA) format, on the other hand, is typically used by individuals in the science and engineering fields. 

The APA format looks like this:

[Last Name], [First Initial]. [(Year)]. [Article title]. [ Journal Name ] [Volume Number] ([Issue Number]), [Pages].

Examples of How to List Publications on a CV 

The MLA format:

Rothenberg, W. “Pop Music: The Impact on the Teenage Mind.” Journal of 20th Century Music History , 19 July 2020, pp. 27-33.

Rothenberg, W. “The Origin of Social Media.” Cambridge University Press , 2015.

The APA format:

Dorothy, T. & Richmond, O. (2017). Bullying and Parenting Style. Journal of Basic Psychology, 22 (9), 15-19.

Richmond, O. & Matthew, K. PTSD and the home factor. Journal of PTSD and Treatments (In press).

How Do You Put a Research Paper on Your Resume?

A research paper generally consists of practical research that showcases new findings. As similar as this may seem to a published work, a research paper is not a publication.

Follow these guidelines to add a research paper to your resume:

• Check the job description to determine what particular research skills the employer wants.
• Make a list of the research-related skills they want.
• Add your research to your resume under the “Education” section. 
• If you have a lot of relevant research, put these works in a separate section titled ‘Research.” By setting them apart, you help to focus attention on these skills.
• Detail each research paper in a different bullet point.
• List paid research under “Work Experience” when listing research papers in your resume.

Unlike publications, research papers aren’t published by default. That is, a research paper may or may not be published. 

Additionally, while research papers are often done in a doctrinal method by students at universities where the work is assigned, publications are written by experts in a particular field.

Key Takeaways

As tempting as it may be to cite all your literary achievements, you need to take a moment to step back and ensure you’re on the right track.

Make sure you only include research and publications relevant to the position you are applying for, and don’t forget that all the information you provide must be completely accurate.

While these tips and techniques are great, sometimes what you need is expert assistance in putting together your resume.

If you need more help formatting your resume or CV’s publications list, you can reach out to us at Find My Profession.

We have helped thousands of career professionals craft job-winning resumes and CVs with our resume writing service , and we can help you do the same.

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How to List Publications on a Resume: A Guide for Researchers

In This Guide:

What kind of publications can you include on your resume, should i include publications on my resume, how do you list publications on a resume, publications not yet published, how to put publications on your resume: takeaways.

You have written publications, but you don’t know whether and how to list them in your resume?

Don’t worry, you are not alone.

Publications on a resume are not among the most famous sections to include.

It’s crucial to list them in an organized manner and present them according to their relevance and significance regarding the position.

Even if you are not an Academic or a Scientist, you may have suitable writing work. Including these articles could help you to be noticed among the other participants.

Stay with us, and you will learn how to include your publications on a resume and prepare for a job interview using this guide for prospective Ph.D. students.

What is more, you could build your own unique resume using our resume builder .

What are publications on a resume?

Publications, also called academic publishing, distribute academic research and scholarship. Most of this work is published in academic journal articles, books or thesis’ form. Most scientific and scholarly journals, and many academic and scholarly books, though not all, are based on some form of peer review or editorial refereeing to qualify texts for publication.

What counts as a publication?

Is a website considered a publication?

It depends.

If you are a Marketer, Copywriter, or similar, you could include website articles, even if they are not peer-reviewed.

However, when you are applying to a strictly academic position, be cautious to only include publications and articles that are in industry journal publications and trade association websites.

What counts as a peer-reviewed publication?

A peer-reviewed publication is also sometimes referred to as a scholarly publication. Peer-reviewed publications are articles, scholarly works, researches, or ideas written by experts and reviewed by several other experts in the field before published in the journal in order to ensure their quality.

Do blog posts count as publications?

Avoid listing blog posts published in magazines or nonscientific publications. If your thesis was not published in a journal, better list it in the “Education” section of your CV.

The simple answer is that if you have publications that are related to your job application, you should include them on your resume to allow the Hiring Manager to see your work first hand.

Of course, when the type of publication is not suitable or relevant to the vacancy or the subject matter does not have any relation to the position, leave it off. You can include many more suitable things in your resume.

Sometimes it is not appropriate to cite publications in a resume If you do not have a number of publications that warrant its own section. Then you can include the publications in other sections of the resume.

Step by step:

• Cite publications in resumes with either MLA or APA style.

Choose a style for your citations and follow it through all of your publications. You can use MLA or APA style.

Good to know is that humanities fields such as philosophy, history, and language often follow MLA style, while science and engineering fields typically follow APA style.

MLA format:

[LAST NAME], [FIRST INITIAL]. “[ARTICLE TITLE].” [JOURNAL NAME] [VOLUME NUMBER].[YEAR] ISSUE NUMBER: [PAGES]

APA format:

[LAST NAME], [FIRST INITIAL]. [ARTICLE TITLE]. [JOURNAL NAME] [VOLUME NUMBER] ([ISSUE NUMBER]) [PAGES]. [YEAR]

• List peer-reviewed publications first.

To gain more credibility for your publications in the eyes of the Hiring Manager, be sure to list your peer-publications first. It is better if the publications you include for an academic position are all peer-reviewed, however it’s not absolutely necessary.

• Show books first, then book chapters.

When you write your publications, first include the name of the book, article, or magazine, and after the chapter or the pages, you have written.

• Create a list of publications by year

Start with your most recent publication, and list the rest in descending order until you get to the first work you had published.

• Include the date for each publication

Don’t forget to include the date for each publication. It’s important for the Recruiter because it would be easier to find your publication.

• Write author names first, then title and publication.

Write first all of the names of the authors. Then include the title of the publication. It’s not a problem if there is more than one author, you can separate them with “and”.

• List other non-peer-reviewed publications last.

We said that it’s best if all of your publications are peer-reviewed. However, if you have non-peer-reviewed articles, you could also include them, but leave them last.

• Last, add information about volume and issue.

You have written the authors, the title, and the year of the publication. After that add what are the volume and the issue of your article.

After following these rules, you are ready.

Where to put publications on my resume:

• In education section

If you don’t have peer-reviewed publications or your articles are listed in magazines or nonscientific publications, it’s better to include them in your education section.

What is more, if you only have one publication, you should also list it under your Education. There is no need to make a separate section for only one article.

• In a separate section

When you have more than one peer-reviewed publication, you could make a separate section in your resume called “Publications”. There you could easily follow the step-by-step guide we made earlier in the article.

Examples of Listing Publications on CVs & Resumes

• Example 1 – list this as a sentence/paragraph

Kafer, Julien. ‘Microbiology and medicine.’ Undergraduate Biology Journal. Volume 15: pages 32-46. 2020. Kafer, Julien and Johnson, Marcella. ‘Native fungi of Colorado.’ Denver Nature Journal. Volume 3: pages 7-9. 2017.

If needed, you can add a sentence or two to go into specifics like the example above.

Example of researcher resume

In Enhancv there are thousands of different resume examples you can see.

Now, we are on the topic of how to list publications, however, it’s not an absolute necessity to have peer-viewed articles for you to stand out in the crowd.

Here you can see our guide on how to make an incredible Researcher resume , that would definitely get you the job.

In cases where publications are in the process of being printed, but not yet available, list these as “in press”. This of course, if the article is relevant to the position you are applying for.

You could also follow the steps we gave you above.

While it is tempting to include every achievement in your life, it is important to maintain focus. Only include research and publications that demonstrate skills or show experience relevant to the position.

Your research and publications can help the Hiring Manager to identify you as a recognized expert in your field. That can only help you get the perfect job.

In this article, we gave you tips on how to list publications on a resume.

Here are the takeaways:

• If you have peer-reviewed publications include them in a separate section;
• If you have only one article, list it under the Education section;
• List publications with either MLA or APA style in your resume;
• List publications that are not published yet by writing “in press”.

*** What are your thoughts? Did you list your publications on your resume? Give us a shout-out in the comments below. We’d love to hear from you!

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Research & Academia Example Resumes

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Research & Academia resumes typically include…

• Research experience
• Conference presentations
• Papers or publications (in review and published)
• Professional memberships
• Teaching experience
• Proficiency with data collection and analysis

Your education is the main feature and this section and would always go at the top. These resumes can be over 1 page if you have a lot of experience to show. Focus on teaching, research, and service. Resume means ‘to sum up’ where as curriculum vitae (CV) means ‘course of life’.

You can include more interests, service, associations, memberships, education experiences.  Use traditional fonts like Times New Roman or Georgia.

Student Example #1: Marie Randolph | Sophomore

• Marie plans on attending graduate school, so she wants to show her experience working in research settings and diverse work experience.

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Download Marie’s template in Microsoft Word

Student Example #2: Dimuth Silva | Ph.D. Graduate Student

• Dimuth is applying to faculty positions in academia and captures his research, teaching, and presentation experience in his CV.

Download Dimuth’s template in Microsoft Word

Looking for more general resume templates to start out with?

Check out our 1st Year Student Resume Examples and our Resume Resumes with Some College Experience .

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• Adding research to a resumé or CV
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• Communicating your value
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Research experience is a valued activity in the educational experience and should be showcased on your resumé. This experience should be treated like any other experience, whether paid or unpaid, as it provides a snapshot of skills and knowledge you have gained.

When highlighting your research, be sure to use key words that highlight skills employers want. Example statements include:

• Partnered with lab personnel on various projects, including…
• Conducted experimental research using…
• Ordered and maintained office and lab supplies
• Assisted with lab organization and maintenance

Office of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity

Mailing address, social media.

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7 Real Research Assistant Resume Examples That Worked in 2024

Research Assistant

Best for senior and mid-level candidates

There’s plenty of room in our elegant resume template to add your professional experience while impressing recruiters with a sleek design.

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• Research Assistant Resumes
• Postsecondary Research Assistant Resumes
• Customize Your Research Assistant Resume to the Job

As a successful research assistant, you’re a thorough data analyst, a top-notch lab technician, a friendly participant coordinator, and an organized librarian, all rolled into one.

However, demonstrating these skills on your research assistant resume can feel more overwhelming than autoclaving an entire lab’s worth of equipment. Not to mention, you may not know whether your school wants a  CV or a resume . And what about writing a cover letter ? Where to start?

Don’t fret—we’ll walk you through what makes a good research assistant resume and how to stand out among your peers.

Our seven research assistant resume samples have helped researchers across disciplines land jobs in top labs and departments in 2024. If you’re stuck, pick a  resume template  complete with sample points to brainstorm your best resume yet!

Research Assistant Resume

or download as PDF

Why this resume works

• Phrases peppered with keywords from the job ad, such as “writing grant proposals” and “decreased in cognitive cerebellar regions” can turn the tides in your favor in mere seconds. In other words, show the potential employer you’ve got what it takes to meet their needs and you’re golden.
• Make strong action verbs (think “oversaw,” “organized,” “managed,” and “partnered”) your bullet points’ friends. It’s about directing the hiring manager’s attention straight to the good stuff you want to flaunt—primarily your proactive stance or results-driven mindset.
• So, you believe your killer skill set should be your ticket in, huh? Then, make a convincing case for it by illustrating the required competencies (cue database management techniques, SAS, flow cytometry data, written communication, and statistical modeling) in your work history.
• Then, to cap off, take full advantage of genuine metrics that let recruiters envision your impact and success potential. “5+ publications on effective vaccination development” and “saving $13,400 per year” from Ravi’s resume make for good examples.

Entry-level Research Assistant Resume

• This section lets you discuss an interest in a particular field (and in a particular research assistant position). So,  tailor this section for every application you submit!
• Even if the projects aren’t relevant to the field of research you’d like to study, adding them highlights transferable skills like data analysis and experiment design. Plus, it fills up space so you’re not worried about filling up a whole page. 

Laboratory Research Assistant Resume

• Use numbers to discuss publications, team members you managed, money you saved, grant funding you helped acquire, or the outcome of your data analysis.  If numbers can measure it, include it!
• However, unlike your data, these numbers don’t have to be perfectly accurate—they can be rough estimates.
• Before you hit submit, run your resume through a  resume checker  or a spellcheck system (Grammarly is a good place to start). Better yet, after you run it through AI, have a trusted colleague review it, too. 

Clinical Research Assistant Resume

• Highlight your track record of adhering to guidelines in past trials to help your clinical research assistant resume stand out.

Undergraduate Research Assistant Resume

• However, even if you don’t have experience as a research assistant, include whatever work experience you have. Having any sort of job demonstrates responsibility, initiative, and the ability to work with others well.
• Choose a template that allows you to add sections (like projects) to make up for a lack of experience while also filling the page.

Graduate Research Assistant Resume

• A strong graduate research assistant resume should include a career objective that describes your topic of interest. Tell prospective programs how you’ll contribute to their legacy as a research institution through your work in the field.

Postdoctoral Research Assistant Resume

•  This section highlights your expertise, years of experience in your field, and achievements. Just remember to  tailor it for each application . 
• Consider including projects such as club membership (especially if you founded it yourself), volunteer experiences, or independent research. 
• Projects also make great examples to discuss in your research assistant cover letter .

Related resume guides

• College student
• Entry-level
• Grad school

Customize Your Real Research Assistant Resume to the Job

You’re the perfect person to create a stellar resume. After all, impressing an employer or a professor is all about research, and that’s something you’re already great at! However, with a vast number of research roles available, you may find yourself staring at a blank resume with no idea where to start.

We know—begin with the job description! The responsibilities listed there will help fill your resume with useful skills and experiences. Which ones of these best apply to your background?

• Collect, organize, and analyze data using surveys, interviews, experiments, and field observations
• Prepare materials and research cases for further study
• Perform literature reviews, including organizing results, writing summaries, and searching for sources
• Maintain clear and concise records, including confidential data
• Manipulate, clean, and visualize data, providing weekly and monthly reports to senior faculty members
• Participate in research meetings and present in-progress and final results

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Do research papers and presentations belong on a resume.

Have you considered including a research paper, presentation, dissertation, or speaking engagement on your resume but you’re not sure if you should? The answer depends on your field, target position, and goals for your next career move. In this article, I’m sharing scenarios where it’s a good idea to include papers, presentations, and speeches, and situations where it’s better to leave it off. 

Is It Common in Your Field?

The first question you need to ask before deciding whether to include papers, presentations and speeches on your resume is whether it is required or common in your industry. For example, in the academic field all pertinent research, papers, presentations, and lectures are often included in a resume addendum, or if space allows within the second or third page of the resume or CV. This of course will depend on how many papers and presentations you need to cite. I’ve seen academic CVs that were 12 pages long with the first two pages elucidating the work experience and the remaining 10 a biography of all the research that had been completed in the past couple of years.

It’s also common to see papers and presentations on the resumes and CVs of scientists, researchers, and medical professionals. The length of the citations varies depending on the amount of research, papers, or presentations that have been completed. The number of citations to be included could also determine whether to include it as part of the resume or whether to employ a separate addendum.

Is It Beneficial?

It may not be common to include research, white papers, presentations, or speaking engagements in your field, but it may be beneficial. Ask yourself if including it will give you a competitive edge for the position you’re targeting. Would it be relevant to the role you’re seeking? Would it impress a hiring manager or decision-maker to see your research or thought leadership in the field? Is speaking or leading a part of the role you’re targeting? If the answer is yes, it would benefit you to include it. Where you include it will depend on how you’re presenting yourself on your resume. 

How and Where on My Resume Do I Include Papers, Presentations, and Research?

If you’re in an academic, medical, or scientific field, you’ll likely need an addendum to your two-page resume that includes your various papers, presentations, and research. It’s a good idea to create a separate addendum that lists these as you’ll likely be adding to it and may receive requests specifically for this information at some point during your job search. You can choose to include it with your resume or send it separately. Follow whatever instructions are given to you by your contact or within the position description.

If you’re not in a field where it is common to possess an addendum that includes this information but you’ve determined it would be beneficial to mention it within your resume, you can include it in a couple of different places. 

• The first option is to include the presentation or speaking engagement within the context of the position that you held at the time you gave the presentation or speech. Was it a normal part of your job? Will public speaking be a normal part of any new roles you’re targeting?
• The second option is to give it special attention. Was this a special honor or special occasion that would be extremely noteworthy in your industry? Perhaps you delivered a keynote address at a major convention in your industry or were asked to present to a government committee on your research findings or industry needs. Consider including this in your career snapshot or in the top third of your resume. If it’s noteworthy, give it prominence and prime resume real estate. Don’t bury it at the bottom.
• The third option pertains to situations where you have multiple speaking engagements, presentations, or papers you want to list. In this instance, include them all together in a separate section towards the end of your resume after your chronological work history. This way the recruiter or decision-maker can scan through all the presentations and research you’ve conducted to see the bigger picture of what you’re able to contribute and where you’re an authority in your field. 

When considering whether to include papers and presentations on your resume, ask yourself whether it’s common or uncommon in your field so you’ll know the best step forward for how and where to include it on your resume. 

If you have been submitting applications and resumes to open positions but receiving zero responses, I recommend checking out  The 5 Must-Have Components of an Effective Resume .

Your words carry power. With our words, we can paint a vivid picture for someone. If you are looking to increase responses to your applications, I have created this guide which includes 118 action verbs, 33 impactful phrases, and 27 strength descriptors because we all know how hard it is to convey our value and we definitely don’t want to sound like we’re bragging.  Download your copy now!

If you are wondering how to stand out in the proverbial stack and make recruiters take notice, then take a few minutes right now to take this quiz and get a detailed breakdown of your  resume stand out success formula .

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About the author

Jessica hernandez, president, ceo & founder of great resumes fast.

Hi, I’m Jessica. I started this company back in 2008 after more than a decade directing hiring practices at Fortune 500 companies.

What started as a side hustle (before that was even a word!) helping friends of friends with their resumes has now grown into a company that serves hundreds of happy clients a year. But the personal touch? I’ve kept that.

You might have seen me featured as a resume expert in publications like Forbes, Fast Company, and Fortune. And in 2020, I was honored to be named as a LinkedIn Top Voice of the year!

I’m so glad you’re here, and I can’t wait to help you find your next perfect-fit position!

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In the mix of college assignments and perhaps your 9-to-5, piecing together an attractive resume for employers can be a difficult feat.

Not only is this one-pager the bread and butter of what will lead to a first-round interview (fingers crossed!), but it’s an excellent portrayal of your skillset, employment history and unique skills that help a company’s HR department gauge if you’re the right fit.

Let’s cut to the chase — more specifically, let’s answer the question, “ How can I make my application stand out? ” One of the most influential steps is, without a doubt, rendering your resume to tip-top shape. And fortunately, there are some of the best online resume services like TopResume and Resumble out there to help.

Best Overall: TopResume

Best budget: resume companion, best optimization for applicant tracking systems: resumeble.

• Best Customizable : Brand Resumes
• Best with Career Consulting: Top Stack Resumes
• Best for Quick Hiring : ZipJob
• Best One-on-One Collaboration : Upwork
• Best for Cover Letters : ResumeSpice
• Best Budget : Craft Resumes

Whether you’re a senior in college applying for your first full-time job or you’ve been in the biz for years and are looking to segue into a different role, we rounded up the top online resume writing services you can use to help get your application in tip-top shape. Plus, we’ve enlisted Shannon Conklin, director of career and leadership development at The College of New Jersey to help!

Hop to her picks below or check out our FAQ for more details on things to look for when picking the right resume builder for you.

• Packages with unlimited resume revisions
• Free resume review
• 60-day interview guarantee
• Several customers who wrote reviews on Trustpilot mention having poor communication with their resume writers

TopResume is a beloved favorite — and for a good reason. It has four different packages depending on your career goals, some of which include unlimited revisions, a LinkedIn makeover, a cover letter and two interview prep sessions.

“TopResume continues to be a solid option,” Conklin shared. “It has strong descriptions, where the website and interface are easy to navigate to understand its process, its three packages, as well as testimonials.”

She also loves TopResume’s FAQ section, coupled with the various packages, that make its process clear and timeline. “There is also plenty of mention about AI and ATS technology,” she added. “If you need a resume quickly, one that accounts for technology, and a budget of only about $150, it looks like this service would be one to strongly consider.”

With TopResume, you’ll also get a 60-day interview guarantee. If you don’t get twice as many interviews, the platform will rewrite your resume for free. It’s pretty top tier, to say the least, and is a minimal investment for those hoping to find free resume-writing services.

• Self-directed service
• Template-based
• Must renew a subscription to edit resume in the future

“Resume Companion is a clean website with a clear message — build a resume quickly!” Conklin highlighted. “It offers templates, examples and advice on how to craft a resume, as well as a cover letter, as a self-directed service within about 15-minutes.”

What’s more, the service also makes it clear it offers a variety of templates based on industries and functions. “This can really help if you are trying to transition to a new field or your resume needs to be updated to reflect the latest in your industry,” she added.

With Resume Companion, you’ll be able to build your resume step by step, from selecting a professional template to answering a few simple questions to have your experience and skills added directly to your digital file. Namely, if you’re not much of a writer, you’ll appreciate its pre-written work experience bullet points to craft your resume in minutes and then apply away.

Not to mention, it’s only $8 a month, so if you want a one-and-done service, this one’s your best bet. Keep in mind that you will have to renew your subscription to edit in the future, but it’s a great budget-friendly option to pursue if you don’t want to be completely in the dark.

• 4-day turnover on resume drafts
• Three free revisions with standard resume package
• Only the premium resume package includes a job guarantee

Resumeble is not only has a fun name, but it includes a resume and cover letter in its baseline package. If you’d like to upgrade, you can receive a LinkedIn write-up, a second resume version, thank you and follow-up notes and cold emails to recruiters.

“Have you applied to dozens of jobs, only to never get through?” Conklin questioned. “If this resonates because your resume is not optimized for ATS platforms, Resumeble might be the choice for you. Mention of ‘ATS,’ as well as their outcomes and ROI, are weaved throughout its site.”

Conklin told The Post that she’s seen many clients apply to dozens and dozens of companies, only to be vetted out due to ATS. “When that happens, I often advise networking to complement a revised, ATS-optimized resume.” she tipped off. “This brings me to one other noteworthy element to their various packages, they support your full professional profile; resume to LinkedIn to recruiter communication support.”

For those who want to spend less than $200 for online resume writing services, this all-in-one option is fairly priced, making it one of the best affordable resume writing services. If you’re only looking to refresh your LinkedIn, you’ll just pay a one-time $99 fee. For just your resume, it’s a one-time purchase of $129 for the service.

Best Customizable: BrandResumes

• Has a self pace job search course
• Helpful step by step resume building guide
• Some customers who reviewed the service on Trustpilot report time delays in receiving their resume

BrandResumes made the cut as one of our top choices for online resume services for a few reasons: it’s one of the platforms best for ATS keyword optimization and formatting for interviews, LinkedIn branding and a customizable interface. If you buy the deluxe package, you’ll have your resume distributed across the 60 top job boards (including industry-specific ones), so you’ll spend less time applying.

“Learning the fundamentals of resume writing is a skill that will carry you throughout your career, and BrandResumes offers courses and resources to accomplish just that,” Conklin highlighted. “Once you understand how to format a strong bullet point, or the style you find reflects your story and values, you can start crafting various resumes to appeal to different audiences and fields.”

BrandResumes also offers resources to launch your own resume writing business — a tool that can be valuable for career experts seeking professional resume writing services. “If you’re seeking to dig into how to revamp your resume, or you find yourself (like many in HR or career services) consistently asked to help a friend or family member with their materials, this service will align with your goals,” she added.

Best with Career Consulting: TopStack Resume

• Pay only after you’re satisfied with the resume
• According to TopStack Resume’s site, resume complete takes up to 2 weeks

TopStack Resume is a force to be reckoned with in the career development sphere. Notably, it’s one of the only services that provides career consulting. So, in addition to resume and cover letter formatting, you have the option to partake in one-on-one sessions with a career advisor.

“Five steps is all you need to follow for your resume review by TopStack,” Conklin put it simply. “The simplicity of this service and the range of offerings (from a resume for $139 to career consulting for its Premium Package ) can be valuable for any job seeker or career explorer.”

Moreover, if you find yourself in need of more career support, maybe you’re changing fields or returning to work after time off, this is a strong contender. “Be mindful of your budget and timeline, so you take full advantage of a career consultant; a solid service should focus on the process, as much as a strong career outcome,” she added.

Plus, TopStack Resume is unique in that it has a team of well-qualified writers to ensure your one-pager is the best it can be. At a fair price point, you can always upgrade to add on more benefits in the future.

Best for Quick Hiring: ZipJob

• Fairly priced for the quality and swiftness of deliverables
• Optimizes for ATS so you’ll have better odds of visibility before your resume lands in human hands
• May be more difficult to ask for revisions if need be, due to the service’s robust turnaround time and automation

While no resume writing service can guarantee you landing your dream job, ZipJob has a unique offering in one of its packages that makes it a standout from the rest.

Ideal for candidates who are rapidly seeking their next role in a flash, ZipJob combines expert resume writers with the exact same tech employers to optimize your one-pager. The kicker? Its most popular plan, Fast Track, includes a professionally written resume, ATS optimization and direct writer messaging — but that’s not all.

Impressively, the Fast Track package for $189 also includes a cover letter and a 60-day interview guarantee. That’s how confident ZipJob is that you’ll get hired, and get hired quickly.

For $299, its Premium package includes a LinkedIn profile update to help maximize your chances and expedited delivery for super speed. If you want swiftness but don’t wish to compromise the quality of your application, you won’t have to worry with ZipJob.

Best One-on-One Collaboration: Upwork

• Several projects to choose from with unique writing strengths you may desire
• Typically budget-friendly
• Some options will have your resume written in only one business day
• Price points vary and quality of work varies depending on which project provider you select, so take caution and read reviews before working with a given person

Individual-driven platforms like Upwork allow you to shop around for a resume writing service that matches your specific needs and budget. Similar to platforms like Skillshare where talented, qualified creators host a course offering or a service, Upwork allows you to select from a variety of different projects where you’ll have one-on-one attention. Consider it akin to being matched with an online counselor.

Generally budget-friendly, most of Upwork’s providers only take one business day to deliver. The majority of providers also have thousands of positive, near-five-star reviews, so it’s surely a service to consider.

The one downside to Upwork is that quality of work may differ slightly, though that’s a given with its platform structure. This differs from some other services like TopResume where the company at large has its own writing structure, so it’s just something to take note of. However, for its affordability and speed, it’s a great dip into the pool of resume writing and related services, without spending more on a professional-grade platform.

Best for Cover Letters: ResumeSpice

• The baseline package offers a lot more than competitors, including phone consult, optimized draft and two edits
• Cover and thank-you letters are added to packages at an additional charge

ResumeSpice is ready to add that much-needed spice to your resume. It doesn’t just provide three different package options, but it specifically tells you which one would work best for you. For example, if you have no more than two years in the workforce, you should select its baseline package ($449). This package includes a phone consultation, an eye-catching resume format, keyword optimization, a personalized draft, two rounds of revisions based on your feedback and finalized versions in both Microsoft Word and PDF formats.

“Solid service is evident across ResumeSpice, and its focus on Executive Resume stands out from others,” Conklin pinpointed. “If you find yourself wanting to get to that next level in your career, you really do need to consider an executive coach with an eye towards that goal for your materials.”

You might, for example, realize you have decades of experience and are unsure where to start to consolidate — Conklin offered. “This is one of the most frequent concerns when making this transition, and a third party like ResumeSpice can be an invaluable resource and sounding board,” she added. “Finally, its site is clear in terms of turnaround, which shows they value your time and manage expectations — a positive sign on what you can expect service-wise.”

ResumeSpice offers other à la carte services, too, including cover letter help, LinkedIn profile revamping, interview preparation and career coaching.

Best Budget: Craft Resumes

• Unlimited revisions
• 5 day delivery
• Some reviewers mention time delays

Craft Resumes has an engaging, user-friendly interface that makes resume-building a fun, less stressful process. With ATS keyword optimization and a dedicated writer on your resume, rest assured that it will be in a healthy state to pass along to recruiters and job posters.

“Craft Resumes cleary focus on the ‘craft’ and design of writing resumes, where a distinguishing factor that caught my eye is their unlimited evaluation ‘at any reason’ for four days,” Conklin said, recommending the service. “This is valuable for job or graduate school seekers and career explorers, as you’ll likely have questions once you find an opportunity of interest.”

Similar to other services here, there is a one-on-one aspect that can be quite valuable, especially if you have the time. “There are also a variety of services and prices, not just resume writing,” she noted. “This is helpful for you budget, and evolving needs. Often times once you get a resume underway you start to realize that you’ll want other materials to be updated and aligned with your personal brand.”

For its most popular package, The Basic, you’ll have access to a single writer and unlimited revisions (which is a score compared to some other services on this list), strong and optimized words, unique formatting and a cover letter to increase your chances of landing an interview. However, Craft Resumes has other great packages worth exploring.

Best Resume Writing: Let’s Eat, Grandma Resume Service

• Consultation included with every package
• Executive Concierge Service that includes 10 days of unlimited revisions
• Quality writers and customer service, based off reviews
• No academic CVs or federal resumes

Humorous name aside, resume service Let’s Eat, Grandma has a laser focus on punctuation (as you can tell because nobody intends to write that they’d like to eat their grandmother on a professional document) — as well as resume formatting. What’s great about this platform, specifically, is its vast packages, ranging from drafting your resume to offering cover letters and networking services to help boost your career trajectory.

“Let’s Eat, Grandma hones in immediately on its ‘custom-tailored’ approach,” Conklin said. “While every resume review should be tailored to account for your story (as mentioned above), it’s clear this is a value of this service. Client outcomes are also front and center, where a mix of employers and schools are listed; this is notable if continuing education is a goal of yours.”

With four packages available, and FAQs on the homepage highlighting its range (i.e. academic, federal government and more), Conklin appreciates how it’s clear that this service is distinguishing itself from others, especially given the range of specialty materials they can help you create. 

What’s more, you’ll be assisted by a team of highly skilled writers who create targeted documents to help boost your chances of getting an interview. They’ll also speak to your unique strengths — and, therefore, amplify them on your resume — to tie your entire professional portfolio of experience together. They also have a package tailored for executives, making the platform a solid option for those needing executive resume writing services.

Which resume service is best?

The golden question, right? This depends mostly on your career goals. A range of services are available, and many are now even offered through LinkedIn. 

“When considering a resume service, it is important to consider the extent of guidance you are seeking,” Conklin, who has 15 years of experience in higher education — told The Post.

“Are you overhauling your resume? Are you transitioning industries and need to consider a different format or approach? What are your financial resources to pay for one, or should you explore services offered from your alma mater or current institution if you are a current or graduate of higher education?,” she questioned.

You’ll also want to consider the resume services’ reputation, Conklin suggested: Are there reviews or endorsements of a service, especially if you are paying for one? What is the background, and is the resume service aligned with your industry of interest? 

Is it worth paying for a resume service?

“It depends on the service and one’s circumstances as to whether it is ‘worth’ paying for the service,” Conklin said. “There are very reputable services out there, especially for more experienced career seekers. If you’re transitioning to a new field, or you are seeking to move to a senior or executive level, it could definitely be worth the cost.”

As a preliminary step, Conklin advised to really make sure you are an informed consumer when considering a resume service, and if you should pay or if you have a network or connections you can leverage for advice first. 

How much does it cost to have someone write your resume?

“When an individual pays for a resume service, there may be a flat rate, or it is calculated on an hourly rate and requires at least two sessions,” Conklin explained. “For example, it could cost $150 for a single session.”

However, there are resume services that can significantly exceed that rate and are part of a package that might include a quick return and other support, from LinkedIn to interview coaching, that is over $600, she highlights.

What to include on your resume, according to an expert

“Your story is the focus of your resume, and it is critical to be honest and reflect on how you want to tell that, ultimately,” Conklin noted. “The order also depends on the stage of your career (early, mid, senior, executive) and the industry you are seeking.”

In academia, for example, you’ll see a curriculum vitae (CV) that is pages long to reflect one’s research, publications, and roles held. In financial services, you would have a one-page resume until you have significant work experience. Or, in the creative fields, you may have a one-page resume and then an online portfolio or website that exhibits your work to complement your resume, she explains.

“No matter the field you are pursuing, you always want to make sure you list your experiences in reverse chronological order, you include your education/training, think of the keywords and skills (and make sure those are prominently displayed and included), and also think of what is most relevant,” she listed. “The most relevant should be at the top.”

It is also key to consider Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), automated review systems that scan resumes as part of an organization’s vetting process. “The format could align or cause issues with an ATS system,” Conklin added. “This is why it’s important to do your research, leverage any connections you have to gain insights into a field and their preferred format and get advice on keywords, skills and experiences to include.”

“If you do your homework, you should find clues to answer the questions above and guide your resume writing approach,” Conklin shared.

How we chose resume services

At Post Wanted, here’s what we keep in mind when researching and hand-selecting resume services:

• Customization : The best online resume services offer tailored resumes with personalized resume writing, in contrast to generic templates you can find for free.
• Consultation : Some services offer a one-on-one consultation with your writer so they can scope out your specific attributes, career highlights and other aspects to your curriculum vitae you want to spotlight.
• Comprehensive Packages : In addition to resumes, some services offer cover letters, LinkedIn profile optimization and career coaching. To some, this is worth the investment, though it may come with a higher price tag.
• ATS Optimization : A great benefit to online resume services is the focus on Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), as human recruiters typically use this software use these screening systems before it lands in their hands.
• Turnaround Time : For some, there’s no time to be wasted when it comes to hunting for a new job. Looking at flexibility and speed is important; some services offer rush options for individuals who need a complete and optimized resume quickly.

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A Heuristic Philosophical Discourse on Various Applications of Abstract Differential Geometry in Quantum Gravity Research † † thanks: This paper is a philosophical distillation of the basic concepts and central results of this author’s ongoing research project, spanning the last three decades, of applying Anastasios Mallios’s Abstract Differential Geometry to the ‘persistently stubborn’ problem of formulating a conceptually sound, mathematically consistent and calculationally finite Quantum Theory of Gravity. The paper will be posted at the General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology website www.arXiv.org/gr-qc before October 2024. This work may be viewed as the philosophical résumé and aftermath (:after the Maths!) of the following published papers [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 84 , 85 ] , as well as a sequel to the Dodecalogue paper [ 79 ] in the aftermath of the recent publication [ 80 ] and the pre-prints [ 81 , 82 , 83 ] , which are currently work-in-progress in the pipeline. In turn, a longer version of the paper will constitute a chapter in a research monograph type of book that we had and have been working on, in collaboration with the late Professor Anastasios Mallios, since 2003 [ 65 ] .

In the present paper, we outline and expound the fundamental and novel qualitative-cum-philosophical premises, principles, ideas, concepts, constructions and results that originate from our ongoing research project of applying the conceptual panoply and the technical machinery of Abstract Differential Geometry (ADG) to various persistently outstanding issues in Quantum Gravity (QG) [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 84 , 85 ] . This paper may be regarded as a sequel to the paper [ 79 ] in the aftermath of the paper [ 80 ] , which is currently in press. At the end of the paper, we discuss the potential philosophical repercussions of two possible future research routes that the main stream of our applications of ADG to QG may bifurcate towards in view of three independent, but overlapping, research papers that are currently under development [ 81 , 82 , 83 ] .

PACS numbers : 04.60.-m, 04.20.Gz, 04.20.-q

Key words : Natural Philosophy of Quantum Gravity and Quantum Yang-Mills Gauge Theories; Abstract Differential Geometry; sheaf theory; sheaf cohomology; category theory; topos theory; geometric prequantisation; canonical quantisation; background spacetime manifold independence; quantum gravity as a purely quantum gauge theory; gauge theory of the third kind; third sheaf cohomological quantisation of gravity and gauge theories

1 Prolegomena-cum-Motivation: Why Adopt a Philosophical Stance in Quantum Gravity Research?

Quantum Gravity (QG), very broadly speaking, is an attempt to unite the laws of Physics that describe dynamics at large (:cosmological) scales—as encoded in Einstein’s General Relativity (GR) equations for the gravitational field that guides the motion of large material objects, with the dynamical laws for the other three fundamental forces that guide matter fields and their quantum particles at small (:subatomic) scales—as encoded in Quantum Theory and its application to Special Relativistic field physics, commonly known as Quantum Field Theory (QFT). 1 1 1 In this paper, we use the terms QFT and Quantum Gauge (QGT) or Quantum Yang-Mills Theories (QYMT) of matter interchangeably.

There is currently a plethora of various and glaringly diverse approaches to QG, and it is not the ‘vain’ or ‘quixotic’ aim of this paper to list them all herein, let alone to review their conceptual and technical import or their successes and shortcomings. On the one hand, there is no unanimous agreement on what the ‘right’ or ‘correct’ approach to QG is and the diversity of the various different approaches—from string theory [ 25 , 91 ] , 2 2 2 For current developments in this field, see the second reference above [ 91 ] . to loop quantum gravity [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 44 ] 3 3 3 For an exhaustive modern exposition of loop quantum gravity, see the last reference [ 44 ] above. and causal sets [ 6 , 93 , 94 , 95 ] , for example—exemplifies exactly that.

On the other hand, it would be informative for the reader to list a triplet of very general predicates and characteristics— theory making ‘imperatives’ as it were—that the desired and hitherto elusive Quantum Theory of Gravity should possess, properties that all the aforementioned diverse approaches to QG aim or aspire to satisfy in one way or another:

Economy (E): Conceptual clarity and depth, as well as economy and simplicity of the underlying fundamental physical theory construction principles ;

Mathematical Consistency (M): Internal mathematical consistency (:self-consistency), mathematical representability and predictive power, technical innovation and efficacy, wide ranging utility and versatility of application, and, as a bonus, abstract mathematical simplicity and beauty ; 4 4 4 With respect to this last point, we tacitly assume that‘ beauty , especially of the mathematical kind, is in the eye of the beholder ’—in this case, of the theoretician/mathematician—hence it is largely of a subjective aesthetic nature .

Finiteness (F): Calculational freedom from unphysical (observable) infinities, anomalies and ‘singularities’ of all kinds at which the aforementioned physical laws might seem to break down, hence are deemed to become unphysical, uninformative, unpredictive and, ultimately, practically useless and therefore obsolete .

We will henceforth refer to the triplet of desirable QG traits above by the acronym EMF1 .

‘Mission Statement’: Our philosophical discourse in the present paper will focus on showing, arguing and discussing, with extensive references to the existing published literature, that the ADG-theoretic approach to QG, hitherto to be referred to as ADG-gravity , goes a long way towards satisfying the EMF1 triptych of theory making imperatives above.

At the same time, the basic ‘justification’ for engaging in a philosophical discourse about the import of ADG-gravity in QG research is another triplet EMF2 :

Explication (E): Explanation and interpretation of new concepts, techniques and results from applying ADG in QG research ;

Mathematical Efficacy (M): Discussion of the mathematical power of ADG in addressing and resolving certain key QG problems and issues associated with EMF1 ;

Future Prospects and Developments (F): Discussion of future prospects for QG theory growth and development, as well as anticipation in what direction will QG research move in view of the new ideas and theoretical paradigms that ADG brings forth.

Expository Declaration 1: In the sections that follow, whenever we discuss and analyse a qualitative-philosophical aspect of ADG-gravity, at the end of the discussion we will mark it by boldface markers in brackets like, for example, (F1): this would mean that the qualitative/philosophical characteristic of ADG-gravity being analysed and discussed satisfies the Finiteness 1 aspect of the EMF1 triplet above.

We would like to kick-off our philosophical discourse on applications of ADG in QG with a very telling quote of Gerard ’t Hooft just after the turn of the new millennium [ 98 ] , which kind of gives a raison d’être and a raison de faire to our endeavours herein:

(Q1)                     “ …The problems of quantum gravity are much more than purely technical ones. They touch upon very essential philosophical issues 5 5 5 Our emphasis. … ”

the basic idea behind the quotation above is that it motivates us to go beyond the ‘technicalities’ of various formal conceptual and mathematical issues in current QG research, and discuss the deeper semantics and philosophical nature underlying, or even possibly transcending, those conceptual and mathematical ‘technicalities’. Which brings us to the second Expository Declaration of this paper.

Expository Declaration 2: It is a conscious decision and choice of this author not to include a single quantitative expression ( e.g. , technical mathematical formula) in the present paper, which is purely of a qualitative (discursive) character. For concise definitions of formal technical concepts and their associated mathematical formulae/modelling/equations, the reader will be directly referred to the relevant published literature.

Expository Declaration 3: Our philosophical treatise below is organised in short sections that end with ‘ Aphorisms ’—short ‘statements’ that distill the main philosophical gist of each section.

2 General Relativity is formulated by the Classical Differential Geometry on a Pointed Smooth Base Spacetime Manifold

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ General Relativity (GR), the classical theory of gravity, is inextricably tied to a 𝒞 ∞ superscript 𝒞 \mathcal{C}^{\infty} caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT -smooth ( alias , differential) base spacetime manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M for its mathematical formulation via Classical Differential Geometry (CDG)—the Newtonian Calculus based geometry of differential manifolds.

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ In turn, the differential manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M , as a geometrical point-set, is equivalent to the structure algebra sheaf 𝒞 ∞ ⁢ ( M ) superscript 𝒞 𝑀 \mathcal{C}^{\infty}(M) caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_M ) of germs of smooth coordinate functions of its points.

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ In GR, the dynamical law of gravity is formulated as Einstein’s nonlinear partial differential equations of a 𝒞 ∞ superscript 𝒞 \mathcal{C}^{\infty} caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT -smooth spacetime metric g μ ⁢ ν subscript 𝑔 𝜇 𝜈 g_{\mu\nu} italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT (and its derivatives), whose 10 10 10 10 components are supposed to represent the gravitational field potentials.

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Accordingly, GR’s Priciple of General Covariance (PGC) is mathematically represented by the group Diff ⁢ ( M ) Diff 𝑀 \mathrm{Diff}(M) roman_Diff ( italic_M ) of (active) diffeomorphisms of M 𝑀 M italic_M . 6 6 6 By definition, a diffeomorphism of a smooth manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M is an automorphism of M 𝑀 M italic_M that preserves its differential geometric (:smooth) structure, as the latter is effectively encoded in the structure algebra sheaf 𝒞 ∞ ⁢ ( M ) superscript 𝒞 𝑀 \mathcal{C}^{\infty}(M) caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_M ) of smooth coordinate functions of M 𝑀 M italic_M ’s point events, as noted above.

Aphorism 1. GR uses CDG to formulate the gravitational dynamics as a differential equation for the smooth metric (and its derivatives) on a background geometrical differential spacetime manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M . In turn, the PGC of GR is represented by the spacetime diffeomorphism group Diff ⁢ ( M ) Diff 𝑀 \mathrm{Diff}(M) roman_Diff ( italic_M ) of the underlying 𝒞 ∞ superscript 𝒞 \mathcal{C}^{\infty} caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT -smooth manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M .

2.1 Feynman’s ‘Fancy-Schmanzy’ Differential Geometry and Isham’s No-Go of Differential Geometry in Quantum Gravity

Arguably, the smooth background geometrical spacetime manifold, whether curved or flat, is responsible for both the singularities of the smooth gravitational field g μ ⁢ ν subscript 𝑔 𝜇 𝜈 g_{\mu\nu} italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT of GR [ 22 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 71 ] , as well as for the pestilential non-renormalisable unphysical infinities that assail QFT on flat Minkowski spacetime [ 26 , 5 ] .(F1)

Mainly due to these pathologies, QG researchers as early as Feynman and as recently as Isham, have questioned altogether the use of CDG on a smooth spacetime manifold, whether flat (QFT) or curved (GR), as the appropriate mathematical framework via which to formulate QG.

In this line of thought, we first recall from Bryan Hatfield’s Quantum Gravity Foreword to Feynman’s Lectures on Gravitation [ 19 ] the following telling excerpt:

(Q2)                     “…Thus it is no surprise that Feynman would recreate general relativity from a non-geometrical viewpoint. The practical side of this approach is that one does not have to learn some ‘ fancy-schmanzy ’ (as he liked to call it) differential geometry in order to study gravitational physics. (Instead, one would just have to learn some quantum field theory.) However, when the ultimate goal is to quantize gravity, Feynman felt that the geometrical interpretation just stood in the way. From the field theoretic viewpoint, one could avoid actually defining—up front—the physical meaning of quantum geometry, fluctuating topology, space-time foam, etc. , and instead look for the geometrical meaning after quantization… Feynman certainly felt that the geometrical interpretation is marvellous, ‘ but the fact that a massless spin- 2 2 2 2 field can be interpreted as a metric was simply a coincidence that might be understood as representing some kind of gauge invariance’ 7 7 7 Our emphasis of Feynman’s words as quoted by Bryan Hatfield. …”

And he further added categorimatically in [ 18 ] that:

(Q3)                     “ …the simple ideas of [differential] geometry, extended down to infinitely small, are wrong. ”

While more recently, Chris Isham firmly posited in [ 31 ] :

(Q4)                     “ …at the Planck-length scale, differential geometry is simply incompatible with quantum theory…[so that] one will not be able to use differential geometry in the true quantum-gravity theory… ”

We may distill the above to our second Aphorism:

Aphorism 2. All the anomalies and pathologies of GR and QFT in the form of singularities and other unphysical infinities originate from the a priori assumption of a background differential manifold as a geometrical model for spacetime.(F1)

Thus, we can combine Aphorisms 1 and 2 to the following ‘ vicious circle ’ statement:

Fundamental Vicious Circle. If we wish to formulate the dynamical laws of QG as differential equations proper, it seems that we have to use the concepts and techniques of CDG on a smooth manifold. However, the latter is responsible for both the singularities of GR and the unphysical the infinities of QFT—sites in the spacetime manifold where the laws of physics appear to break down or lead to unphysical infinities for important observable quantities; hence, we seem to arrive at an impasse. 8 8 8 The reader should note here that, in the three quotes above, both Feynman and Isham question the Mathematical Efficacy of CDG in QG ( M1,F1, M2).

3 Enter ADG

Below, we itemise the basic tenets of ADG:

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Abstract Differential Geometry is more of a Leibnizian (:relational), rather than Newtonian (:geometrical), purely algebraic (:sheaf-theoretic and homological algebraic) way of doing differential geometry (:Calculus) [ 15 , 8 ] , without at all recourse to or dependence on a pointed, smooth geometric locally Euclidean background space (:a 𝒞 ∞ superscript 𝒞 \mathcal{C}^{\infty} caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT -smooth manifold) for its concepts, technical machinery and constructions thereof [ 47 , 48 , 53 ] .(M2)

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ The most fundamental concept of ADG is that of connection ( viz. generalised differential) 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D acting on a vector sheaf ℰ ℰ \mathbf{\mathcal{E}} caligraphic_E over a suitably algebraized, by a certain so-called algebra structure sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A of generalised coordinates or what Mallios coined ‘ arithmetics , arbitrary topological space X 𝑋 X italic_X as a linear and Leibnizian sheaf morphism. The pair ( 𝒟 , ℰ ) 𝒟 ℰ (\mathcal{D},\mathbf{\mathcal{E}}) ( caligraphic_D , caligraphic_E ) is coined an ADG-field .(M1,M2)

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Based on the concept of connection, ADG erects the whole edifice of CDG (plus more), but in the manifest absence of a background geometrical manifold.

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Thus, a new, entirely algebraic (:relational) notion of geometry emerges, whereby, geometry does not pertain to the configuration states (‘shape’) and measurement of objects living in an a priori posited (:postulated) ether-like background space [ 20 ] , but rather, it derives from the algebraic (:dynamical) relations between the objects that live on that ‘space’. 9 9 9 These ‘objects’ are the very ADG-connection fields acting on the sections of the vector sheaves involved.

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ The last bullet point put in more physical terms: physical geometry (: physical ‘spacetime’ ) is not a priori posited like the differential spacetime manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M of GR. Rather, it derives from the dynamics (:the differential equations involving the connection field 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D ) of the ‘objects’ (:the dynamical physical fields themselves).(E2,M2)

We may distill the essential gist of the bullets above to the following Aphorism:

Aphorism 3. From the ADG-theoretic perspective, physical geometry (or physical ‘spacetime’) derives from, or is the outcome of, the algebraic dynamical relations between the ADG-fields (:the physical laws, which are formulated categorically as equations between he relevant sheaf morphisms that the ADG-connection fields correspond to). 10 10 10 In this regard, one may think of the more commonly used mathematical term ‘ solution space ’ derived from a set of (differential) equations set up (on a manifold) by the usual CDG-means. That ‘solution space’ is the ‘physical geometry’. (E2,M2)

4 The Point of Pointlessness and Finiteness: the ADG Evasion of Spacetime Singularities and the Management of Infinities

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ In the homological algebraic (:category-theoretic) setting of ADG, the singular, ideal and physically unrealistic notion of a geometrical point 11 11 11 The ‘ physically unrealistic ’ nature of a geometrical point (:an ideal spacetime event, so to speak) can be appreciated if one considers the fact that one cannot localise an ‘event’ (:measure the value of, say, the gravitational field at a point) with more accuracy than the Planck length without creating a black hole (:think for example of the inner Schwartzschild singularity right at the point-mass source, where the gravitational field blows up without bound. is meaningless.(F1)

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Mutatis mutandis for the continuous infinity of point-events that the smooth spacetime manifold accommodates: for example, the non-renormalisable infinities of QFT in Minkowski spacetime effectively arise from the fact that one can in principle pack an uncountable infinity of events (:field values) in a finite spacetime volume.(F1)

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ In both the point of pointlessness and finiteness, ADG has been applied towards formulating on the one hand a locally finite, causal and quantal version of Lorentzian vacuum Einstein gravity and free Yang-Mills theories, and on the other, the same dynamical equations are seen to hold over spaces that are everywhere dense with singularities of the most unmanageable kind from the point of view of ADG [ 50 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 75 ] .

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ The results above are due to the purely algebraic and background pointed continuous spacetime manifold independent character of ADG [ 47 , 48 , 53 , 79 ] .

Again, we may distill the essential gist of the bullets above to the following Aphorism, our fourth one:

Aphorism 4. We can formulate the dynamical equations of Einstein and Yang-Mills over highly pathological and problematic spaces, especially when viewed from the smooth background spacetime manifold perspective of CDG. Thus, singularities (and their associated infinities) are not insuperable obstacles and ‘sites’ where the differential equations that represent the dynamical field laws of Nature appear to break down. Not only we can evade them by ADG-theoretic means, but also we can ‘calculate’ (:do Calculus!) in their very presence, in spite of them. The inherently algebraic differential geometric mechanism of ADG is genuinely background smooth spacetime independent, hence it does stumble on its inherent anomalies and pathologies [ 50 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 75 ] . (E1,M1,F1,E2,M2) Thus, by ADG-theoretic means we are able to evade the ‘vicious circle’ statement that we made earlier after the first two aphorisms, as well as to question both Feynman’s (Q2,3) and Isham’s (Q4) doubts about using differential geometric ideas in QG research.

4.1 ADG Gravity: Einstein’s Purely Algebraic Description of Reality in the Quantum Deep

In the Philosophy of Physics there is a well established view that Einstein in vain pursued his Unified Field Theory 12 12 12 Einstein had originally coined it Unitary Field Theory instead [ 17 ] . research on a continuous spacetime manifold in spite of the inherently finitistic and algebraic description of Physical Reality at subatomic scales that Quantum Theory brought about.

The following couple of quotations from Einstein’s The Meaning of Relativity [ 17 ] testify to that:

(Q5)                     “ …One can give good reasons why reality cannot at all be represented by a continuous field. From the quantum phenomena it appears to follow with certainty that a finite system of finite energy can be completely described by a finite set of numbers . 13 13 13 Our emphasis. This does not seem to be in accordance with a continuum theory, and must lead to an attempt to find a purely algebraic theory for the description of reality 14 14 14 Our emphasis. … ”

and a similar quote from [ 17 ] that also mentions singularities:

(Q6)                     “ …Is it conceivable that a field theory 15 15 15 Here, Einstein was implicitly alluding to his Unitary Field Theory, which, according to his vision, could hopefully ‘explain away’ quantum phenomena. permits one to understand the atomistic and quantum structure of reality? Almost everybody will answer this question with ‘no’. But I believe that at the present time nobody knows anything reliable about it. This is so because we cannot judge in what manner and how strongly the exclusion of singularities reduces the manifold of solutions. We do not possess any method at all to derive systematically solutions that are free of singularities 16 16 16 Our emphasis. … ” [ 17 ]

In connection with the two Einstein quotes (Q5,6) above, with our fifth Aphorism next, which closes this section, we kill two birds with one stone:

Aphorism 5. ADG is an entirely algebraic method for formulating gravity and quantum Yang-Mills theories of matter field theoretically and finitistically by evading singularities and without any dependence on a background geometrical spacetime continuum, with its all inherent singularities and associated unphysical smooth field infinities [ 64 , 75 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] .

4.2 Sheaf Theory and the Transition from Local to Global

At the basis of ADG ( alias , The Geometry of Vector Sheaves ), lie the purely algebraic methods of sheaf theory [ 7 , 47 , 48 , 53 ] . Unlike the geometry of smooth vector bundles, which features prominently in the geometrisation of Physics that gauge theory brought about [ 24 ] , sheaf theory has been slow in coming in QG research.

Structures closely related to sheaves are special type of categories called topoi [ 46 , 45 ] , which are pointless spaces having their own internal logic. Topoi have been applied to both quantum logic [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and quantum spacetime structures, including QG research [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 76 , 77 , 80 , 69 , 70 ]

In this regard, very early on, Rudolph Haag [ 26 ] intuited the great import that sheaf theory could bring to QFT as sheaves are structures tailor-cut to encode and transmit information (from local measurements of quantum observables, for example) from local to global in QFT:

(Q7)                     “ Germs. We may take it as the central message of Quantum Field Theory that all information characterizing the theory is strictly local i.e. expressed in the structure of the theory in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of a point . 17 17 17 Our emphasis. For instance in the traditional approach the theory is characterized by a Lagrangean density. Since the quantities associated with a point are very singular objects, it is advisable to consider neighborhoods. This means that instead of a fiber bundle one has to work with a sheaf. The needed information consists then of two parts: first the description of the germs, secondly the rules for joining the germs to obtain the theory in a finite region 18 18 18 Again, emphasis is ours. … ”

Indeed, the vector and algebra sheaves involved in ADG and their associated topoi have been used very successfully in analysing the structure of the algebras of local quantum observables and how these stitch up from local to global [ 105 , 106 ] . Moreover, the ADG sheaves and their associated topoi have been applied to address important issues in QG research [ 76 , 77 , 79 , 70 , 69 , 80 ] .

5 Revisiting Feynman: Gravity as Gauge Theory

Returning to the Feynman quote in Section 2, we wish to dwell a bit on his remark that the fact that the gravitational field was identified with the smooth spacetime metric g μ ⁢ ν subscript g μ ν g_{\mu\nu} italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT of the CDG-based Riemannian geometry on a differential spacetime manifold, was an ‘accident’ of theory making . 19 19 19 That is to say, Einstein formulated GR as the dynamics of the metric, ‘because’ he used the CDG-based Riemannian geometry of a smooth base spacetime manifold [ 71 ] . Rather, Feynman intuited that:

The deeper character of gravity is that it is a gauge force, much like the other three fundamental forces, while the methods of CDG would be ineffective in the QG deep. 20 20 20 Similarly to what Isham said in the quote following Feynman’s.

In subsequent developments in GR, we were able to cast gravity as a gauge theory in the new Ashtekar variables involving a spin-Lorentzian gravitational connection [ 2 ] and apply the new, first-order formalism 21 21 21 The Ashtekar formalism in terms of the tetrad e μ subscript 𝑒 𝜇 e_{\mu} italic_e start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT and the spin-connection 𝒜 μ subscript 𝒜 𝜇 \mathcal{A}_{\mu} caligraphic_A start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT dynamical variables is coined first order , while the GR of Einstein is based solely on the smooth spacetime metric g μ ⁢ ν subscript 𝑔 𝜇 𝜈 g_{\mu\nu} italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT as its sole dynamical variable. to a new candidate for (canonical) QG called Loop Quantum Gravity [ 3 , 44 ] . Albeit, on the one hand, the metric was still implicitly involved in the dynamics in the guise of the vierbein comoving tetrad e μ subscript 𝑒 𝜇 e_{\mu} italic_e start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , while the smooth spacetime manifold was still present as a geometrical background in order for the canonical formalism to be applied by the methods of CDG. 22 22 22 With all the problematic issues and pathologies that this dependence causes to QG (such as the Diff ⁢ ( M ) Diff 𝑀 \mathrm{Diff}(M) roman_Diff ( italic_M ) constraint problem and the problem of time [ 32 , 33 , 34 ] .

The words in the quote above leave us with the following quandary, posited below as a rhetorical question in the light of ADG:

Is there a way to view gravity as a gauge theory, as Feynman inuited and envisaged, while still be able to apply to it differential geometric ideas, methods and techniques in spite of Feynman’s and Isham’s No-Go of CDG in QG research?

Which brings us to the next subsection about the ADG perspective on gravity as a gauge theory.

5.1 Enter ADG: Gravity as Pure Gauge Theory of the Third Kind

One of the central results of the application of ADG to QG is that:

Aphorism 6: Gravity is a pure gauge theory, without recourse to an underlying (smooth) spacetime manifold structure for either its mathematical formulation or its physical interpretation. Gravity involves the dynamics of the ADG-theoretic Einstein field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ E i n s t ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) , which is simply a connection 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D on a suitable vector sheaf ℰ ℰ \mathbf{\mathcal{E}} caligraphic_E . The dynamical Einstein equations are derived from a variational principle applied on the ADG-version of the Einstein-Hilbert action functional [ 53 , 64 , 80 ] . 23 23 23 By ‘ pure gauge theory ’ above, it is meant that the sole dynamical variable in the theory is the gravitational connection 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D , acting on the sections of a suitable vector sheaf ℰ ℰ \mathbf{\mathcal{E}} caligraphic_E , and nothing else. The corresponding formalism has been coined half-order formalism , to distinguish it from the first-order formalism of Ashtekar and its Loop QG outgrowth, and of course from the usual second-order formalism of the original Einstein theory (GR). (E1,M1,F1)

6 Field Solipsism and Functoriality: The Point of Spacetimelessness, Generalised Principle of General Covariance and a Different Perspective on the ‘Measurement Problem’

A geometrical point is mathematically an ideal and physically an unrealistic (:singular) entity. We discussed earlier how the sheaf-theoretic ADG and its pointless topos-theoretic extension evade the pointed background geometrical spacetime continuum of events of GR. We also noted how the ADG-gravitational connection field is the sole dynamical variable in the theory, while the underlying spacetime metric g μ ⁢ ν subscript 𝑔 𝜇 𝜈 g_{\mu\nu} italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT of the usual CDG-based GR is manifestly absent from our theory. This on the one hand is supposed to depict the pure gauge character of ADG-gravity à-la Feynman, and on the other, to support the aforementioned ADG-field solipsism: that is to say, that

the ADG-gravitational dynamics does not need or depend at all on a background differential spacetime manifold for either its differential geometric formulation as a differential equation proper, or for its physical interpretation. ADG-gravity is a genuinely background independent theory. The result is that the sole dynamical variable in ADG-gravity is the gravitational Einstein ADG-field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) , a feature that has been coined field solipsism and the Einstein-Hilbert variational action principle dynamics that ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) obeys has been coined ADG-field autodynamics (:autonomous gravitational field dynamics), with no dependence whatsoever on a background spacetime manifold with its inherent gravitational singularities and unphysical field infinities [ 64 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] .(E1,M1,F1,E2,M2)

The discussion above brings to the forefront one very telling Einstein quote from [ 16 ] :

(Q8)                     “ Time and space are modes by which we 24 24 24 Our emphasis. think, not conditions in which we live. ”

Space and time are human inventions convenient for representing, localising and quantifying our measurements of physical observable entities.

Which brings us to the idea of spacetime point coordinates , or equivalently, spacetime determinations/localisations/measurements of events or field-values . The locution of every point field-value or event in the spacetime manifold of GR is supposed to be determined (:measured) by four real spacetime coordinates (:coordinate functions) with respect to a given coordinate system (measurement frame of location).

The Principle of General Covariance (PGC) of GR mandates that the law of gravity (:Einstein’s equations) is generally covariant; that is to say, it is invariant under any arbitrary general coordinate transformation. 25 25 25 Technically, we say that the group of symmetries of GR is G ⁢ L ⁢ ( 4 , ℝ ) 𝐺 𝐿 4 ℝ GL(4,\mathbb{R}) italic_G italic_L ( 4 , blackboard_R ) , the group of general linear transformations of the locally Euclidean (: ℝ 4 superscript ℝ 4 \mathbb{R}^{4} blackboard_R start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 4 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ) spacetime manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M . Equivalently, we may state the PGC of GR as the Kleinian symmetry group of the background 𝒞 ∞ superscript 𝒞 \mathcal{C}^{\infty} caligraphic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT -smooth spacetime manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M , as follows:

The symmetry group of GR is the group Diff ⁢ ( M ) Diff 𝑀 \mathrm{Diff}(M) roman_Diff ( italic_M ) of differentiable automorphisms (:diffeomorphisms) of the background smooth spacetime manifold M 𝑀 M italic_M .

By contrast, in ADG-gravity, where we have no background spacetime manifold and the ADG-field autodynamics is purely gauge ,

The gauge symmetry group sheaf is the principal sheaf 𝒜 ⁢ u ⁢ t 𝐀 ⁢ ℰ 𝒜 𝑢 subscript 𝑡 𝐀 ℰ {\mathcal{A}}ut_{\mathbf{A}}\mathbf{\mathcal{E}} caligraphic_A italic_u italic_t start_POSTSUBSCRIPT bold_A end_POSTSUBSCRIPT caligraphic_E of structure sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -automorphisms of the associated vector sheaf ℰ ℰ \mathbf{\mathcal{E}} caligraphic_E of the ADG-Einstein field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) [ 64 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] .

whereby, as noted earlier, 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A is the structure sheaf of generalised arithmetics or coordinates in the theory.

In other words, the ADG-gravitational dynamics, which is formulated entirely categorically in terms of the connection 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D sheaf morphism, is respected by (:‘remains invariant under’) all our generalised measurements (:arithmetics, event coordinate determinations) encoded in the structure sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A . The gravitational dynamics ‘sees through’ all our coordinate measurements (:spacetime event localisations) in A A \mathbf{A} bold_A [ 79 , 80 ] .

6.1 The Issue of Functoriality

In [ 80 ] it has been shown that the aforesaid PGC of GR, which is tantamount to 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -invariance in ADG-gravity , is an example of the Functoriality of ADG-gravity . In other words, since the dynamics is categorically represented as equations involving the connection sheaf morphism 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D of the ADG-Einstein field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) , the PGC is represented by functors that preserve the relevant categories. 26 26 26 In category-theoretic parlance, a functor between two categories, is a map or transformation that respects the objects and arrows of the two categories. In [ 80 ] , in continuation and extension of [ 58 , 59 , 60 ] , it was shown and argued that the relevant functors are, in fact, special types of 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -preserving functors (or 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -morphisms) called geometric morphisms , which preserve the ‘geometric’ structure of the vector sheaves involved in the dynamics.

We distill all the foregoing discussion into our seventh Aphorism below:

Aphorism 7. In ADG-Gravity, the dynamics is purely gauge and background spacetime manifold independent and functorial, while the PGC is functorially represented in terms of the principal group sheaf of automorphisms of the relevant vector sheaves as 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -invariance citemall14,mall15,mall13,rap15. The latter simply means that the ADG-field dynamics, which in its Einstein-Hilbert action expression involves the curvature of the connection which is an ⊗ 𝐀 subscript tensor-product 𝐀 \otimes_{\mathbf{A}} ⊗ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT bold_A end_POSTSUBSCRIPT -tensor, remains invariant (or ‘unperturbed’) by our generalised coordinate ‘measurements’ that are organised in the structure algebra sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A .(E1,M1,F1,E2,M2)

Thus, all our generalised measurements are represented in ADG as sections of the structure algebra sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A . 27 27 27 The reader should note here that the structure sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A is supposed to be a sheaf of abelian (:commutative) algebras. This reflects our primitive assumption that we always measure commutative numbers , while in the Quantum Theory it is supposed to be the ADG-version of Bohr’s Correspondence principle: although quantum observables may be noncommutative q-numbers, our measurements thereof are commutative c-numbers . In turn, the ADG-gravitational dynamics, since it is 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -functorial, 28 28 28 Or as Mallios originally coined it: 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A -invariant . is not ‘disturbed’ at all by our generalised field measurements in 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A . Furthermore, the ⊗ 𝐀 subscript tensor-product 𝐀 \otimes_{\mathbf{A}} ⊗ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT bold_A end_POSTSUBSCRIPT -functorial ADG-gravitational field dynamics does not break down in any differential geometrical sense in the presence of any type of singularity that may be encoded in the structure sheaf 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A .

The pair of observations above, namely that:

The ADG-gravitational dynamics is unperturbed by our generalised measurements in 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A ; and,

The ADG-gravitational dynamics does not break down in any (differential geometric) sense by any kind of ‘singularities’ or ‘anomalies’ present in 𝐀 𝐀 \mathbf{A} bold_A ,

reflect what we have elsewhere called the Principle of ADG-Field Realism [ 78 , 79 , 80 ] . Which brings us to the last section.

7 Gauge Field Theory of the Third Kind and its Third Quantisation

The last philosophical issue of ADG-gravity that we would like to discuss in this paper is two-fold:

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Gauge Field Theory of the Third Kind. We discussed earlier how from an ADG-theoretic perspective gravity is regarded as a gauge theory . We noted that the ADG-formalism may be coined half-order formalism , to distinguish it from the original second-order formalism of Einstein, whereby the dynamical variable is the smooth Riemannan spacetime metric g μ ⁢ ν subscript 𝑔 𝜇 𝜈 g_{\mu\nu} italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , or from the more recent first-order formalism of Ashtekar, whereby the gravitational dynamical variables are the spin-connection 𝒜 μ subscript 𝒜 𝜇 \mathcal{A}_{\mu} caligraphic_A start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT and the vierbein frame e μ subscript 𝑒 𝜇 e_{\mu} italic_e start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT . In ADG-gravity, the sole dynamical variable is the Einstein (connection) field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) .

As such, the ADG-based gauge-theoretic formulation of gravity, without recourse to any background spacetime manifold, has been called pure gauge field autodynamics [ 64 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] .

The second denomination gauge theory of the third kind comes from the observation that the first U ⁢ ( 1 ) 𝑈 1 U(1) italic_U ( 1 ) gauge (or scale) theory for the electromagnetic and the gravitational field due to Weyl [ 103 ] was a global gauge theory , 29 29 29 In the sense that Weyl showed that non-spacetime localised (global) gauge/scale invariance implies the conservation of electric charge in much the same way that general coordinate invariance leads to the conservation of energy and momentum in gravitational dynamics. while the gauge theories underlying the three fundamental forces (other than gravity) of the Standard Model 30 30 30 That is, the electromagnetic (with local gauge group U ⁢ ( 1 ) 𝑈 1 U(1) italic_U ( 1 ) ), the weak nuclear (with local gauge group S ⁢ U ⁢ ( 2 ) 𝑆 𝑈 2 SU(2) italic_S italic_U ( 2 ) ) and the strong nuclear (with local gauge group S ⁢ U ⁢ ( 3 ) 𝑆 𝑈 3 SU(3) italic_S italic_U ( 3 ) ) forces. are flat Minkowski space localised gauge theories [ 24 ] .

By contrast, aside from its half-order formalism, our ADG-based gauge-theoretic formulation of gravity (:ADG-gravity), although local by its sheaf-theoretic character, is not background spacetime localised, since there is no background spacetime manifold to localise and solder it on to begin with .(E1,M1, F1,E2,M2)

∙ ∙ \bullet ∙ Third Quantisation. In [ 78 , 79 ] , and recently in [ 80 ] , a third canonical type of ADG-field quantisation scenario was proposed according to which certain local, sheaf cohomological characteristic forms for both the vector sheaf part ℰ ℰ \mathbf{\mathcal{E}} caligraphic_E and the connection part 𝒟 𝒟 \mathcal{D} caligraphic_D of the ADG-theoretic vacuum Einstein field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) were seen to obey canonical type of Heisenberg non-commutation relations, albeit, explicitly not parametrised by a background spacetime manifold. 31 31 31 In the sense that they are not equal-time commutation relations which, in the usual canonical QG scenario, would have been required to obey some global hyperbolicity type of foliation of the background spacetime manifold into time-parametrised 3-dimensional spacelike hypersurfaces. This is to be expected as our ADG-gravity does not depend at all on an external (background) spacetime manifold, as well as to be desired, as our third quantisation scenario would be expected to ‘algebraically close’ within the autonomous and ‘solipsistic’ ADG-theoretic Einstein field ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ 𝐸 𝑖 𝑛 𝑠 𝑡 ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) .

We distill these remarks to the following eighth Aphorism:

Aphorism 8. There are no external geometrical structures, such as a background spacetime manifold, in our theory: all there is is ℱ E ⁢ i ⁢ n ⁢ s ⁢ t = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ E i n s t ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{Einst}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_E italic_i italic_n italic_s italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) and its Yang-Mills counterparts ℱ Y ⁢ M = ( ℰ , 𝒟 ) subscript ℱ Y M ℰ 𝒟 \mathcal{F}_{YM}=(\mathbf{\mathcal{E}},\mathcal{D}) caligraphic_F start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_Y italic_M end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( caligraphic_E , caligraphic_D ) ; hence, if the autonomous (:autodynamical) ADG-fields are to be quantum (or quantised) in any way, they should be quantum (or quantised) from within themselves, not from without [ 78 , 79 , 80 ] .(E1,M1,F1,E2,M2)

8 Brief Philosophical Musings on the Future of ADG-Gravity

This author’s current research on ADG-gravity focuses on the following three fronts:

To organise the recently discovered ‘ time-asymmetric algebras ’ in [ 81 ] 32 32 32 These algebras originally appeared, in primitive form, in this author’s Ph.D. thesis [ 72 ] , in which the early seeds for a time-asymmetric quantum spacetime structure and gravity were planted. into vector sheaves à-la ADG and, by employing the rich differential geometric mechanism of ADG, explore the possibility of developing a time-asymmetric Dirac equation on the resulting sheaves, possibly with ADG-gravity coupled to it [ 83 ] .(F2)

The project above dovetails snugly with our current musings in [ 82 ] , where we apply ADG to develop a time-asymmetric version of the vacuum Einstein equations for a finitary spin-Lorentzian gravitational connection [ 73 , 74 , 62 , 63 , 64 ] on Finkelstein’s quantum net as originally worked out by Steve Selesnick [ 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ] , and relate this asymmetry to the fundamental asymmetry that Penrose has for many years anticipated that the true QG theory should account for [ 41 ] .(F2)

The main philosophical query that will arise from the three papers above [ 81 , 82 , 83 ] is that the anticipated fundamental time-asymmetry of the true QG theory may not only be traced back to time-asymmetric initial conditions for the Universe, 33 33 33 Like Penrose’s Weyl curvature hypothesis . but also it may be due to the fundamentally time-asymmetric quantum gravitational dynamics themselves (:time-asymmetric vacuum Einstein equations for ADG-gravity).(F2)

The quest continues…

Acknowledgments

I am greatly indebted to Professors Goro Kato (Department of Mathematics, California Polytechnic Institute, San Luis Obispo) and Steve Selesnick (Department of Mathematics, University of St Louis, Missouri) for numerous stimulating exchanges on a plethora of topics in Mathematics, Physics, Philosophy and Poetry after a long hiatus period of personal reflection and research course re-evaluation and re-adjustment.

< . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > <.><.><.><.><.><.><.><.><.> < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . > < . >

The present paper is lovingly dedicated to my parents, George and Helen Raptis , whose unceasing moral and material support of my research quests has never been diminished by the passage of time, no matter what its toll on both their ageing bodies and their lucid minds.

Last but not least, the unceasing ‘moral’ support of my lovely family: Kathleen, Francis, James and Cookie , is also warmly aknowledged, especially their patience and understanding in putting up with me over the years.

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