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Three-step plan to cut overlooked methane emissions could help us stop global warming faster

Methane, the second most important greenhouse gas, has been neglected—but now scientists lay out a new plan and a new tool to cut emissions down to size

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Safeguarding peer review to ensure quality at scale

Making scientific research open has never been more important. But for research to be trusted, it must be of the highest quality. Facing an industry-wide rise in fraudulent science, Frontiers has increased its focus on safeguarding quality.

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Ecopreneur Prof Thomas Crowther to showcase the power of nature-based solutions at Frontiers Forum virtual event

Visionary ecologist and pioneer in reforestation and ecosystem restoration Prof Thomas Crowther will explore the vital role that nature plays in our fight against climate change, at a unique Frontiers Forum virtual event on 11 September.

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Pompeii skeleton discovery shows another natural disaster may have made Vesuvius eruption even more deadly

The death of inhabitants of Pompeii during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79CE is mostly attributed to volcanic causes, such as falling ashes and hot gas. This, however, may not be the full picture.

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Dune-inspired upgrade for spacesuits allow astronauts to recycle urine into water

Inspired by the sci-fi series, Dune, Cornell researchers created a prototype novel urine collection and filtration system for spacesuits.

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What happens when the ocean’s biggest predators start hunting each other? Here are five Frontiers articles you won’t want to miss

At Frontiers, we bring some of the world’s best research to a global audience. But with tens of thousands of articles published each year, it’s impossible to cover all of them. Here are just five amazing papers you may have missed.

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Five Research Topics on the human impact of population growth

We highlight five Research Topics tackling some of the most urgent issues emerging from our planet's growing population.

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Top 21 Academic Publishing Companies in the US: Leading the Way in Scholarly Research

Top 21 Academic Publishing Companies in the US Main

The academic publishing industry is focused on the production, distribution, and dissemination of scholarly research and knowledge. It encompasses a wide range of companies that serve different purposes within the academic community. Academic publishing companies offer platforms and resources for researchers and scholars to publish their work and share it with the wider academic community. These companies may also provide access to academic journals, books, primary sources, and other reference materials for research and educational purposes.The industry is constantly evolving and adapting to the digital age, with a shift towards online platforms and open access publishing. Academic publishing companies are increasingly embracing technology to enhance the dissemination of research and improve accessibility. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on interdisciplinary research and collaboration, leading to the emergence of new publishing models and initiatives. The future of the industry looks promising, with a continued focus on innovation, accessibility, and global collaboration.

Top 21 Academic Publishing Companies in the US

1.  sage publishing.

  • Headquarter: Thousand Oaks, California, United States
  • Founded: 1965
  • Headcount: 1001-5000

SAGE Publications is a leading academic publisher offering a wide range of research tools and resources in the social sciences, business, humanities, science, technical, and medical fields. Their online platforms, such as SAGE Journals, SAGE Knowledge, and SAGE Research Methods, provide access to a vast collection of articles, eBooks, and reference materials. They also offer specialized databases like CQ Press, which covers topics such as Congress, Supreme Court decisions, and voting and elections. Register for free to explore their award-winning resources.

2.  Jstor

  • Headquarter: New York, New York, United States
  • Founded: 1995
  • Headcount: 201-500

JSTOR.org is a digital library that provides access to academic journals, books, and primary sources. It offers a vast collection of scholarly content in various fields for research and educational purposes.

3.  National Academy of Sciences

  • Headquarter: Washington, District Of Columbia, United States
  • Founded: 1863
  • Headcount: 501-1000

The NAS (The National Academy of Sciences) is a nonprofit organization consisting of leading researchers and scientists. It publishes the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a highly-cited multidisciplinary scientific journal. The NAS provides objective, science-based advice and conducts research on critical issues affecting the nation. It offers various programs, awards, and cultural initiatives to promote outstanding science and scientific achievements.

4.  International HETL Association

  • Headquarter: Briarwood, New York, United States
  • Founded: 2010
  • Headcount: 10001+

The company offers institutional and individual memberships for higher education professionals to collaborate on research projects, publish academic journals, and participate in a global community. The membership benefits include access to cutting-edge resources and opportunities for professional development.

5.  Editage: publish & flourish

  • Headquarter: Princeton, New Jersey, United States
  • Founded: 2002

Editage is a company that offers professional editing and proofreading services for academic papers. With the help of AI-driven allocation mechanism, they match papers to the most suitable experts who provide high-quality editing services. They also offer translation services, support with study design and statistical analysis, and assistance in grant writing. Editage ensures on-time delivery, data security, and offers a money-back guarantee.

6.  Cell Press

  • Headquarter: Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
  • Founded: 1986
  • Headcount: 51-200

Cell.com is a website that hosts a collection of research journals in the field of biology, genetics, and medicine. It offers access to a variety of scientific articles, reviews, and research papers. The website provides resources for authors, reviewers, and librarians, and promotes ethics in publishing. It also serves as a platform for the annual meeting and career opportunities related to genetics.

7.  Global Journals

  • Headquarter: Wakefield (Massachusetts), Massachusetts, United States
  • Founded: 2001

Global Journals is a research publishing platform that provides access to various academic disciplines including engineering, social sciences, humanities, and medical research. They offer services for authors to submit their research papers and provide assistance in formatting. Global Journals aims to connect researchers and inventors, promoting communal well-being and scientific contributions.

8.  Atypon

  • Headquarter: Santa Clara, California, United States
  • Founded: 1996

Atypon is an online publishing platform that helps publishers deliver mission-critical content to practitioners and researchers in every field. They offer a scalable, adaptable, and reliable publishing and website development platform that supports all types of content.

9.  Missouri Botanical Garden

  • Headquarter: St. Louis, Missouri, United States
  • Founded: 1859

The company is affiliated with the Missouri Botanical Garden and primarily focuses on publishing the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden journal. It provides a platform for researchers and authors to share their botanical studies and findings.

10.  Aje

  • Headquarter: Durham, North Carolina, United States
  • Founded: 2004

AJE is a company that helps authors publish academic papers in high-impact journals. They utilize state-of-the-art AI technology and in-house language experts to speed up the review and acceptance process. Their services include translation, language editing, grammar check, formatting, and custom illustration. They cater to the needs of academic researchers and scientists in various fields.

11.  Accdon, LLC (Publishing services)

  • Headquarter: Waltham, Massachusetts, United States

Accdon is a company that offers services for publishers, journals, and societies to help them achieve their publishing goals more efficiently and cost-effectively. They provide tailored editorial assistance, author education, academic and non-academic editing, medical writing, consulting services, and linguistic solutions. Accdon helps authors, publishers, companies, and research institutions bring their discoveries to the attention of the world.

12.  Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA

  • Headquarter: Irvine, California, United States
  • Founded: 2007

SCIRP.org is an open-access scientific research publishing platform. It offers a wide range of journals covering various disciplines such as earth and environmental sciences, computer science and communications, social sciences and humanities, biomedical and life sciences, and more.

13.  Duke University Press

  • Founded: 1926

Duke University Press is an academic publisher of books and journals across humanities, social sciences, and more.

14.  Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

  • Headquarter: New Rochelle, New York, United States
  • Founded: 1980

Liebertpub.com is a publishing company that offers a wide range of scientific journals and publications. They provide a platform for researchers and authors to submit their manuscripts for publication.

15.  University of California Press

  • Headquarter: Oakland, California, United States
  • Founded: 1893

UC Press is a publishing company affiliated with the University of California. They offer a wide range of books and journals in various disciplines such as anthropology, history, psychology, sociology, and more.

16.  American Academic Journals- JAAR American Journals Publishing Center

  • Headquarter: United States
  • Founded: 2013

American Journals is a publishing center that focuses on various fields of expertise such as business administration, applied engineering, English education, chemistry, economics, linguistics, finance, and more.

17.  Silverchair

  • Headquarter: Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
  • Founded: 1993
  • Latest funding type: Private Equity

Silverchair.com is a website that offers a comprehensive platform for publishing, hosting, and managing scientific, technical, and medical content. They provide innovative solutions to improve the dissemination and accessibility of research articles, journals, and educational materials.

18.  J&J Editorial

  • Headquarter: Cary, North Carolina, United States

J&J Editorial is a company that offers high-quality editorial production, copyediting, and systems support services for scholarly publications. Their mission is to optimize every stage of the publication process for their clients by providing expert services, including peer review management, copyediting, full production services, and submission systems support. They prioritize staff education and training on industry trends and hold themselves to the highest standards of quality and customer service.

19.  Begell House Inc. Publishers

  • Headquarter: Danbury, Connecticut, United States
  • Founded: 1991

Begell House is a company specializing in scientific publishing and data analysis. They offer a wide range of journals, books, and research databases for researchers and scholars. With a focus on engineering, biomedicine, and environmental sciences, Begell House provides valuable resources for academic and industrial professionals.

20.  Origin Editorial

  • Headquarter: Leander, Texas, United States

Origin Editorial is a company that specializes in peer review management and operations for academic publishing. With over 20 years of experience, they have worked with various physics and engineering journals, conference proceedings, and academic societies. Their team is dedicated to providing excellent peer review services and contributing to the advancement of scholarly publishing.

21.  Scient Open Access

  • Headquarter: Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
  • Founded: 2016

Scient Online is an open access publisher that offers a wide range of scientific journals covering various disciplines such as medicine, nursing, dental health, and interdisciplinary studies. They provide a platform for researchers and scholars to publish their work and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.

Want to find more academic publishing companies?

If you want to find more companies that provide academic journals, books, and primary sources, as well as professional editing and proofreading services for academic papers you can doso with Inven. This list was built with Inven and there are hundreds ofcompanies like these globally.

With Inven you'll also get to know the company's:

  • Ownership: Which of these are private equity backed? Which are family-owned?
  • Contact data: Who are the owners and CEO's? What are their emailsand phone numbers?
  • Financials: What is the financial performance of these companies?

...and a lot more!

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Publish with Elsevier

Learn about the publication process and how to submit your manuscript. This tutorial will help you find the right journal and maximize the chance to be published.

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Your step-by-step guide to publishing with Elsevier

Every year, we accept and publish more than 470,000 journal articles so you are in safe hands. Publishing in an Elsevier journal starts with finding the right journal for your paper. We have tools, resources and services to help you at each stage of the publication journey to enable you to research, write, publish, promote and track your article. Let us help you make the most out of your next publication!

1. Find a journal

Find out the journals that could be best suited for publishing your research. For a comprehensive list of Elsevier journals check our Journal Catalog . You can also match your manuscript using the JournalFinder tool, then learn more about each journal. You can find information about how to log in to each journal’s editorial system here .

JournalFinder

Search the world's leading source of academic journals for a list of recommended journals that best match your research paper. You can search by using your abstract, or by using keywords and other details .

Read the journal's aims and scope to make sure it is a match

Check whether you can submit — some journals are invitation only

Use journal metrics to understand the impact of a journal

If available, check the journal at Journal Insights opens in new tab/window for additional info about impact, speed and reach

2. Prepare your paper for submission

Download our  get published quick guide opens in new tab/window , which outlines the essential steps in preparing a paper. (This is also available in  Chinese opens in new tab/window ). It is very important that you stick to the specific "guide for authors" of the journal to which you are submitting. This can be found on the journal's home page.

You can find information about the publishing process in the understanding the publishing process opens in new tab/window guide. It covers topics such as authors' rights, ethics and plagiarism, and journal and article metrics.

If you have research data to share, make sure you read the guide for authors to find out which options the journal offers to share research data with your article.

Read about publishing in a special issue

Use an external editing service, such as Elsevier’s Author Services opens in new tab/window if you need assistance with language

Free e-learning modules on preparing your manuscript can be found on Researcher Academy opens in new tab/window

Mendeley opens in new tab/window makes your life easier by helping you organize your papers, citations and references, accessing them in the cloud on any device, wherever you are

3. Submit and revise

You can submit to most Elsevier journals using our online systems.  The system you use will depend on the journal to which you submit. You can access the relevant submission system via the "submit your paper" link on the Elsevier.com journal homepage of your chosen journal.

Alternatively, if you have been invited to submit to a journal, follow the instructions provided to you. Once submitted, your paper will be considered by the editor and if it passes initial screening, it will be sent for peer review by experts in your field. If deemed unsuitable for publication in your chosen journal, the editor may suggest you transfer your submission to a more suitable journal, via an article transfer service.

Check the open access options on the journal's homepage

Consider the options for sharing your research data

Be accurate and clear when checking your proofs

Inform yourself about copyright and licensing

4. Track your paper

Track your submitted paper.

You can track the status of your submitted paper online. The system you use to track your submission will be the same system to which you submitted. Use the reference number you received after submission to track your submission. Unsure about what the submission status means? Check out  this video opens in new tab/window .

In case of any problems, contact the Support Center opens in new tab/window .

Track your accepted paper

Once your paper is accepted for publication, you will receive a reference number and a direct link that lets you follow its publication status via Elsevier’s "Track Your Accepted Article" service.

Even without a notification you can track the status of your article by entering your article reference number and corresponding author surname in  Track your accepted article opens in new tab/window .

5. Share and promote

Now that your article is published, you can promote it to achieve a bigger impact for your research. Sharing research, accomplishments and ambitions with a wider audience makes you more visible in your field. This helps you get cited more, enabling you to cultivate a stronger reputation, promote your research and move forward in your career.

After publication, celebrate and  get noticed opens in new tab/window !

Unable to find the answer to your question? Visit our support center for more information on all Elsevier solutions.

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  • Insights blog

How to publish your research

A step-by-step guide to getting published.

Publishing your research is an important step in your academic career. While there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach, this guide is designed to take you through the typical steps in publishing a research paper.

Discover how to get your paper published, from choosing the right journal and understanding what a peer reviewed article is, to responding to reviewers and navigating the production process.

Step 1: Choosing a journal

Vector illustration depicting two characters choosing a journal from a screen which is in the middle of them.

Choosing which journal to publish your research paper in is one of the most significant decisions you have to make as a researcher. Where you decide to submit your work can make a big difference to the reach and impact your research has.

It’s important to take your time to consider your options carefully and analyze each aspect of journal submission – from shortlisting titles to your preferred method of publication, for example open access .

Don’t forget to think about publishing options beyond the traditional journals format – for example, open research platform F1000Research , which offers rapid, open publication for a wide range of outputs.

Why choose your target journal before you start writing?

The first step in publishing a research paper should always be selecting the journal you want to publish in. Choosing your target journal before you start writing means you can tailor your work to build on research that’s already been published in that journal. This can help editors to see how a paper adds to the ‘conversation’ in their journal.

In addition, many journals only accept specific manuscript formats of article. So, by choosing a journal before you start, you can write your article to their specifications and audience, and ultimately improve your chances of acceptance.

To save time and for peace of mind, you can consider using manuscript formatting experts while you focus on your research.

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How to select the journal to publish your research in

Choosing which journal to publish your research in can seem like an overwhelming task. So, for all the details of how to navigate this important step in publishing your research paper, take a look at our choosing a journal guide . This will take you through the selection process, from understanding the aims and scope of the journals you’re interested in to making sure you choose a trustworthy journal.

Don’t forget to explore our Journal Suggester to see which Taylor & Francis journals could be right for your research.

Go to guidance on choosing a journal

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Step 2: Writing your paper

Writing an effective, compelling research paper  is vital to getting your research published. But if you’re new to putting together academic papers, it can feel daunting to start from scratch.

The good news is that if you’ve chosen the journal you want to publish in, you’ll have lots of examples already published in that journal to base your own paper on. We’ve gathered advice on every aspect of writing your paper, to make sure you get off to a great start.

How to write your paper

How you write your paper will depend on your chosen journal, your subject area, and the type of paper you’re writing. Everything from the style and structure you choose to the audience you should have in mind while writing will differ, so it’s important to think about these things before you get stuck in.

Our  writing your paper guidance  will take you through everything you need to know to put together your research article and prepare it for submission. This includes getting to know your target journal, understanding your audiences, and how to choose appropriate keywords.

You can also use this guide to take you through your research publication journey .

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You should also make sure you’re aware of all the Editorial Policies  for the journal you plan to submit to. Don’t forget that you can contact our  editing services  to help you refine your manuscript.

Discover advice and guidance for writing your paper

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Step 3: Making your submission

Once you’ve chosen the right journal and written your manuscript, the next step in publishing your research paper is  to make your submission .

Each journal will have specific submission requirements, so make sure you visit  Taylor & Francis Online  and carefully check through the  instructions for authors  for your chosen journal.

How to submit your manuscript

To submit your manuscript you’ll need to ensure that you’ve gone through all the steps in our  making your submission  guide. This includes thoroughly understanding your chosen journal’s instructions for authors, writing an effective cover letter, navigating the journal’s submission system, and making sure your research data is prepared as required.

You can also  improve your submission experience  with our guide to avoid obstacles and complete a seamless submission.

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To make sure you’ve covered everything before you hit ‘submit’ you can also take a look at our  ‘ready to submit’ checklist  (don’t forget, you should only submit to one journal at a time).

Understand the process of making your submission

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Step 4: Navigating the peer review process

Now you’ve submitted your manuscript, you need to get to grips with one of the most important parts of publishing your research paper –  the peer review process .

What is peer review?

Peer review is the independent assessment of your research article by independent experts in your field. Reviewers, also sometimes called ‘referees’, are asked to judge the validity, significance, and originality of your work.

This process ensures that a peer-reviewed article has been through a rigorous process to make sure the methodology is sound, the work can be replicated, and it fits with the aims and scope of the journal that is considering it for publication. It acts as an important form of quality control for research papers.

research paper publishing companies

Peer review is also a very useful source of feedback, helping you to improve your paper before it’s published. It is intended to be a collaborative process, where authors engage in a dialogue with their peers and receive constructive feedback and support to advance their work.

Almost all research articles go through peer review, although in some cases the journal may operate post-publication peer review, which means that reviews and reader comments are invited after the paper is published.

If you’ll like to feel more confident before getting your work peer reviewed by the journal, you may want to consider using an  in-depth technical review service from experts.

Understanding peer review

Peer review can be a complex process to get your head around. That’s why we’ve put together a  comprehensive guide to understanding peer review . This explains everything from the many different types of peer review to the step-by-step peer review process and how to revise your manuscript. It also has helpful advice on what to do if your manuscript is rejected.

Visit our peer review guide for authors

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Step 5: The production process

If your paper is accepted for publication, it will then head into  production . At this stage of the process, the paper will be prepared for publishing in your chosen journal.

A lot of the work to produce the final version of your paper will be done by the journal production team, but your input will be required at various stages of the process.

What do you need to do during production?

During production, you’ll have a variety of tasks to complete and decisions to make. For example, you’ll need to check and correct proofs of your article and consider whether or not you want to  produce a video abstract  to accompany it.

Take a look at  our guide to the production process  to find out what you’ll need to do in this final step to getting your research published.

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Your research is published – now what?

You’ve successfully navigated publishing a research paper – congratulations! But the process doesn’t stop there. Now your research is published in a journal for the world to see, you’ll need to know  how to access your article  and  make sure it has an impact .

Here’s a  quick tip on how to boost your research impact  by investing in making your accomplishments stand out.

Below you’ll find helpful tips and post-publication support. From how to communicate about your research to how to request corrections or translations.

How to access your published article

When you publish with Taylor & Francis, you’ll have access to a new section on Taylor & Francis Online called  Authored Works . This will give you and all other named authors perpetual access to your article, regardless of whether or not you have a subscription to the journal you have published in.

You can also  order print copies of your article .

How to make sure your research has an impact

Taking the time to make sure your research has an impact can help drive your career progression, build your networks, and secure funding for new research. So, it’s worth investing in.

Creating a real impact with your work can be a challenging and time-consuming task, which can feel difficult to fit into an already demanding academic career.

To help you understand what impact means for you and your work, take a look at  our guide to research impact . It covers why impact is important, the different types of impact you can have, how to achieve impact – including tips on communicating with a variety of audiences – and how to measure your success.

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Keeping track of your article’s progress

Through your  Authored Works access , you’ll be able to get real-time insights about your article, such as views, downloads and citation numbers.

In addition, when you publish an article with us, you’ll be offered the option to sign up for email updates. These emails will be sent to you three, six and twelve months after your article is published to let you know how many views and citations the article has had.

Corrections and translations of published articles

Sometimes after an article has been published it may be necessary to make a change to the  Version of Record . Take a look at our dedicated  guide to corrections, expressions of concern, retractions and removals  to find out more.

You may also be interested in translating your article into another language. If that’s the case, take a look at our  information on article translations .

Go to your guide on moving through production

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The Complete Guide to Publishing Research Papers

Guide to Publishing Research Papers

If you are a scientist with an idea for a research paper, there’s one thing you need to know – how to publish your research. It’s not a secret that research papers don’t always get the recognition they deserve. That doesn’t mean you should stop publishing them though, because it might just be your ticket to getting published in respected journals in the future.

Getting a paper published is actually easier than you might think. There are many outlets available that accept and publish research papers, from online journals to obscure little magazines. But, if you want to understand the process of publishing research papers in order to get your foot in the door with other publications, here’s a guide to help you understand the process and how to prepare for an impactful research paper.

What is an Academic Research Paper?

Academic research papers are highly structured, formal academic assignments. They usually focus on an academic field or briefly explore a concept. The importance of these assignments is that you need to present your thoughts, findings, and conclusions in the most effective way possible. In other words, the academic research paper is a written document outlining the thesis and methods of study, followed by a discussion of the findings. The purpose of an academic research paper is to share your thoughts with other academics rather than as an introduction for potential readers.

The outline for an academic research paper should be very specific and detailed in order to establish the most relevant points from which you can develop your argument and make your case. The structure of your paper is extremely important because it provides the foundation for everything else that follows in the body of your work. Both the exact structure as well as the general strategy of your paper need to be clearly outlined and understood.

Types of Research Papers

There are many different types of academic research papers. Some common types are literature reviews, journal articles, book reviews, and reports. There are also many variations within these categories, such as qualitative and quantitative research methods and experimental and theoretical approaches. There are many different ways to go about researching a particular topic, so one should consider the method of research that will work best for them as well as their own personal style.

How to Write an Academic Research Paper?

To write an academic research paper is to understand the process. The first step is to pick a topic you are passionate about and provide enough material for a paper.

Next, you need to do your research. This includes talking to people who have expertise on the topic, reading many different materials, conducting interviews with experts, finding relevant literature from the library, and performing in-depth analysis of your findings. Lastly, find an academic journal that is willing to publish your work. Here’s a more detailed guide for writing a research paper

How to Format your Academic Research Paper?

Academic research papers must have an introduction and conclusion. The introduction should state the paper’s purpose and define what the paper is about. It should also include a discussion of how you will use your sources to reach your goal. The conclusion should sum up your thoughts on the topic while offering some advice or reflection on the work done in the paper. Once your reader understands your topic, they can decide if they want to continue reading.

What Defines a Research Paper Publisher?

Academic research paper publishers are companies that help academic researchers publish their work. These companies review, edit, and submit an article to the appropriate journal. These companies charge a fee for their services. Academic research paper publishers have been around for a long time but have recently grown in popularity because of the rising cost of publishing academic articles themselves.

Difference between Scientific Journals and Academic Research Publishers

Journals provide the publishing outlet for academic research papers. Journals are scholarly publications that are made specifically to release information on any subject. It is a periodical that focuses on a specific topic. The journal’s focus may be a particular subject, or it may be geographic. Some journals are monthly, weekly or quarterly, and some are published once only. Check out the Top 10 Scientific Journals

A growing number of publishing companies help academics publish journals and other academic papers. Publishing companies act as a middleman between the researcher and the journal, using their publication expertise to offer high-quality academic research papers for sale. Some companies might also provide editing services to help ensure the paper is in tip-top shape before it gets published.

The number of pages can differentiate publishing companies and journals. Publishing companies publish books, articles, or journal issues, while journals have between 10-20 pages of content and are therefore easier to read.

There are also a number of publishing companies that have journals in which they publish papers. Journals publish papers that are peer reviewed and provide a platform for students, academics, and researchers to share their findings with the world. These journals allow authors to have anonymity if they wish and give them the opportunity to choose when and where their work is published.

What are the Benefits of Publishing your Research Papers in Academic Journals?

Typically, publishing your research papers in academic journals is a great way to get it out into the public. You are also able to see where your article is being read and what kind of feedback you are receiving. Some companies pay for articles to be published and some will only charge a small publishing fee. Regardless, this is a good option for anyone looking to publish their research papers.

These journals have rigorous reviewers who will help you improve your work. They also monitor the number of citations your article receives, which shows how well the scientific community accepts it. In addition to these benefits, there are companies that assist in publishing your research paper. Some of these companies include ScholarOne, Researchgate, and PeerJ.

One benefit of publishing your research in academic journals is that it helps to improve your reputation as an expert. This can help you get better-paying jobs and allow you to gain more credibility with people who might be interested in what you have to offer. The other benefit is that the journals are a great source of information for advancement opportunities. Many universities will use these journals to find the best researchers in their field and help them advance their careers.

Academic research paper publishers can grant authors publishing rights. This is a service that academic journals often provide to the authors of their articles, but they don’t have time to do it themselves. Academic research paper publishers also offer a variety of services and tools for the author such as editing, design, layout, submission, and marketing. In general, academic researchers can save more time by using an academic research paper publisher.

Disadvantages of Publishing with Academic Research Paper Publishers

First of all, many publishers don’t have editors or reviewers for the papers that they publish. This could lead to plagiarism, which is when a writer uses another writer’s words without giving credit.

In addition, academic research paper publishers often charge a lot of money for their services, which can be prohibitive for some researchers who need paper copies and/or distribution. Even if a researcher doesn’t have to pay for it themselves, they may still need to pay an editor or publisher. The journal or publisher may also charge extra for the use of any company or product brand.

Another disadvantage is that the author will typically not get paid for their work when published by an academic research paper. Another drawback is that it can take a long time to publish and manage these scholarly works, making the process seem unnecessary and too drawn out.

The most significant disadvantage is the lack of control over the publication process and quality.

What to Look for in an Academic Publisher?

Academic researchers have to answer a lot of questions before they can publish their work in a journal. If the researcher is unsure on how to do this, they should look into academic publishers that will help them out.

The first thing to consider is the type of paper the researcher wants to publish. This can be done by reading the publication policy or contacting the publisher.

Another thing to consider is if the price of publishing with the company is worth it. A company that charges too much may not be worth it because it will take away from funds that could be spent on research equipment or students who are conducting research with the researcher’s expertise.

Top Academic Research Paper Publishers

Online publishing has been an invaluable resource for scholars. By using the internet to publish their research, they can reach a wider audience of non-traditional audiences and build upon their findings and improve their research methods. This article outlines 9 exemplary publishers in the academic world that focus on delivering quality work to their customers.

1. Sage Publications

Sage Publications is a top academic research paper publisher, and it offers a variety of different services for publishing your research. You can find articles from Sage in refereed journals and magazines, such as the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, The International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Advances in Computer Games Research, and the journal Society & Organization Review. All submissions are peer-reviewed, meaning that the company is able to offer rigorous quality control.

2. Taylor & Francis

Taylor produces high-quality academic paper draft services. With a team of experts, they produce customized papers that meet the guidelines of your specific assignment.

3. Elsevier Science

Elsevier Science is a top academic publisher that publishes thousands of scientific research papers. They also have a number of other services such as online databases, journals and books. Elsevier Science has a total of 25,000 publications with an annual revenue of $4.1 billion.

4. Nature Publishing Group

Nature Publishing Group is a company that publishes scientific research in journals, magazines, and books. They have been producing high-quality peer-reviewed academic journals for over 40 years.

5. Springer Nature

Springer Nature is a top academic publishing company with headquarters in London, England. It was founded in 1880 and has been publishing scientific research papers for over 100 years. The company publishes more than 2,000 journals and newsletters. Springer Nature also owns many other companies including Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Consultants, and Springer OpenText.

6. Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing Limited is a UK-based company that helps academic researchers with the publishing process. It provides a platform for authors that allows them to publish their work in more than 300 academic journals and access more than 250,000 potential readers/reviewers.

7. American Psychological Association and American Sociological Association

The APA and ASA are two of the most important academic publishers. These two publishers have been around since the early 1900s and serve as a great source for hundreds of academic papers.

How Much does it Cost to Publish an Article with Top Academic Publishers?

There are a number of companies that can help you publish articles with academic publishers. Some companies charge a flat rate to publish your work, while others charge by the article. Some companies advertise their service as “free” because they don’t expect you to pay anything upfront and then take anywhere from 22-75 percent of the profits when your article is sold.

Other companies charge different rates depending on what type of publication you’re looking to get published. For example, if you’re looking to publish in a national magazine or newspaper, the cost will be higher than if you’re looking to publish in a journal that has a smaller circulation.

Many academic research papers are published by top academic publishers, such as the American Association for the Advancement of Science and Nature. These journals require that authors pay a publication fee to submit their article, depending on what format they wish to have it published. For example, a paper published in grey-scale (black & white) will be $1,500 and color (full color) will be $2,000. Additionally, these journals often require authors to pay for editing services and retractions when mistakes occur.

No matter which type of publishing service you’re looking for, get your articles edited by someone who has experience in what you want to do. If the company or editor has no experience with the type of subject you’re writing about, they may not know how to write it properly or format it properly. You will also want to ask if they have an online proofreading tool. Websites such as Readable or Wordcrafter can help you proofread and edit any type of document online.

Don’t just go look up all the writing services in your area and pick the one with the lowest prices. You have to compare prices, but the quality is what you want to find. You can hire anyone’s services for a month, but even if they’re inexpensive, it may not be worth it in the end. It’s better to use a company that will give you more than what you pay for. If they don’t live up to your standards, you can always switch to another company.

Tips for Getting Published in a Research Journal

There are a lot of research journals that can be found on different websites. To get your work published, you will need to find the journal that best suits your needs and submit an application for publication. You can also reach out to individual publishers who specialize in academic publishing or even ask your professor if they have any recommendations.

They make sure that the work is of high quality and will put it into a format that the journal will accept. More importantly, they can give advice on the best way to present the research without compromising scientific integrity.

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How to Write and Publish Your Research in a Journal

Last Updated: May 26, 2024 Fact Checked

Choosing a Journal

Writing the research paper, editing & revising your paper, submitting your paper, navigating the peer review process, research paper help.

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Cheyenne Main . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 706,111 times.

Publishing a research paper in a peer-reviewed journal allows you to network with other scholars, get your name and work into circulation, and further refine your ideas and research. Before submitting your paper, make sure it reflects all the work you’ve done and have several people read over it and make comments. Keep reading to learn how you can choose a journal, prepare your work for publication, submit it, and revise it after you get a response back.

Things You Should Know

  • Create a list of journals you’d like to publish your work in and choose one that best aligns with your topic and your desired audience.
  • Prepare your manuscript using the journal’s requirements and ask at least 2 professors or supervisors to review your paper.
  • Write a cover letter that “sells” your manuscript, says how your research adds to your field and explains why you chose the specific journal you’re submitting to.

Step 1 Create a list of journals you’d like to publish your work in.

  • Ask your professors or supervisors for well-respected journals that they’ve had good experiences publishing with and that they read regularly.
  • Many journals also only accept specific formats, so by choosing a journal before you start, you can write your article to their specifications and increase your chances of being accepted.
  • If you’ve already written a paper you’d like to publish, consider whether your research directly relates to a hot topic or area of research in the journals you’re looking into.

Step 2 Look at each journal’s audience, exposure, policies, and procedures.

  • Review the journal’s peer review policies and submission process to see if you’re comfortable creating or adjusting your work according to their standards.
  • Open-access journals can increase your readership because anyone can access them.

Step 1 Craft an effective introduction with a thesis statement.

  • Scientific research papers: Instead of a “thesis,” you might write a “research objective” instead. This is where you state the purpose of your research.
  • “This paper explores how George Washington’s experiences as a young officer may have shaped his views during difficult circumstances as a commanding officer.”
  • “This paper contends that George Washington’s experiences as a young officer on the 1750s Pennsylvania frontier directly impacted his relationship with his Continental Army troops during the harsh winter at Valley Forge.”

Step 2 Write the literature review and the body of your paper.

  • Scientific research papers: Include a “materials and methods” section with the step-by-step process you followed and the materials you used. [5] X Research source
  • Read other research papers in your field to see how they’re written. Their format, writing style, subject matter, and vocabulary can help guide your own paper. [6] X Research source

Step 3 Write your conclusion that ties back to your thesis or research objective.

  • If you’re writing about George Washington’s experiences as a young officer, you might emphasize how this research changes our perspective of the first president of the U.S.
  • Link this section to your thesis or research objective.
  • If you’re writing a paper about ADHD, you might discuss other applications for your research.

Step 4 Write an abstract that describes what your paper is about.

  • Scientific research papers: You might include your research and/or analytical methods, your main findings or results, and the significance or implications of your research.
  • Try to get as many people as you can to read over your abstract and provide feedback before you submit your paper to a journal.

Step 1 Prepare your manuscript according to the journal’s requirements.

  • They might also provide templates to help you structure your manuscript according to their specific guidelines. [11] X Research source

Step 2 Ask 2 colleagues to review your paper and revise it with their notes.

  • Not all journal reviewers will be experts on your specific topic, so a non-expert “outsider’s perspective” can be valuable.

Step 1 Check your sources for plagiarism and identify 5 to 6 keywords.

  • If you have a paper on the purification of wastewater with fungi, you might use both the words “fungi” and “mushrooms.”
  • Use software like iThenticate, Turnitin, or PlagScan to check for similarities between the submitted article and published material available online. [15] X Research source

Step 2 Write a cover letter explaining why you chose their journal.

  • Header: Address the editor who will be reviewing your manuscript by their name, include the date of submission, and the journal you are submitting to.
  • First paragraph: Include the title of your manuscript, the type of paper it is (like review, research, or case study), and the research question you wanted to answer and why.
  • Second paragraph: Explain what was done in your research, your main findings, and why they are significant to your field.
  • Third paragraph: Explain why the journal’s readers would be interested in your work and why your results are important to your field.
  • Conclusion: State the author(s) and any journal requirements that your work complies with (like ethical standards”).
  • “We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal.”
  • “All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to [insert the name of the target journal].”

Step 3 Submit your article according to the journal’s submission guidelines.

  • Submit your article to only one journal at a time.
  • When submitting online, use your university email account. This connects you with a scholarly institution, which can add credibility to your work.

Step 1 Try not to panic when you get the journal’s initial response.

  • Accept: Only minor adjustments are needed, based on the provided feedback by the reviewers. A first submission will rarely be accepted without any changes needed.
  • Revise and Resubmit: Changes are needed before publication can be considered, but the journal is still very interested in your work.
  • Reject and Resubmit: Extensive revisions are needed. Your work may not be acceptable for this journal, but they might also accept it if significant changes are made.
  • Reject: The paper isn’t and won’t be suitable for this publication, but that doesn’t mean it might not work for another journal.

Step 2 Revise your paper based on the reviewers’ feedback.

  • Try organizing the reviewer comments by how easy it is to address them. That way, you can break your revisions down into more manageable parts.
  • If you disagree with a comment made by a reviewer, try to provide an evidence-based explanation when you resubmit your paper.

Step 3 Resubmit to the same journal or choose another from your list.

  • If you’re resubmitting your paper to the same journal, include a point-by-point response paper that talks about how you addressed all of the reviewers’ comments in your revision. [22] X Research source
  • If you’re not sure which journal to submit to next, you might be able to ask the journal editor which publications they recommend.

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  • If reviewers suspect that your submitted manuscript plagiarizes another work, they may refer to a Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) flowchart to see how to move forward. [23] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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  • ↑ https://www.wiley.com/en-us/network/publishing/research-publishing/choosing-a-journal/6-steps-to-choosing-the-right-journal-for-your-research-infographic
  • ↑ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13187-020-01751-z
  • ↑ https://libguides.unomaha.edu/c.php?g=100510&p=651627
  • ↑ https://www.canberra.edu.au/library/start-your-research/research_help/publishing-research
  • ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/conclusions
  • ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
  • ↑ https://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/book-authors-editors/your-publication-journey/manuscript-preparation
  • ↑ https://apus.libanswers.com/writing/faq/2391
  • ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/search-strategy
  • ↑ https://ifis.libguides.com/journal-publishing-guide/submitting-your-paper
  • ↑ https://www.springer.com/kr/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/submitting-to-a-journal-and-peer-review/cover-letters/10285574
  • ↑ https://www.apa.org/monitor/sep02/publish.aspx
  • ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.

About This Article

Matthew Snipp, PhD

To publish a research paper, ask a colleague or professor to review your paper and give you feedback. Once you've revised your work, familiarize yourself with different academic journals so that you can choose the publication that best suits your paper. Make sure to look at the "Author's Guide" so you can format your paper according to the guidelines for that publication. Then, submit your paper and don't get discouraged if it is not accepted right away. You may need to revise your paper and try again. To learn about the different responses you might get from journals, see our reviewer's explanation below. Did this summary help you? Yes No

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  • Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy was indexed by ESCI (Web of Science) Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy was indexed by ESCI (Web of Science). The Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) is a part of the Web of Science Core Collection, which was launched by Thomson Reuters. ESCI, which selected about 3,000 journals for coverage at launch, spanning the full range of subject areas, aims to extend the scope of publications in the Web of Science to include high-quality, peer reviewed publications. It ensures important research, which is not yet internationally recognized, is visible in the Web of Science Core Collection.
  • Six Journals were Indexed by Scopus. The following six journals had been indexed by Scopus: "Civil Engineering and Architecture", "Mathematics and Statistics", "International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences", "Environment and Ecology Research", "Universal Journal of Public Health", "Food Science and Technology". SCOPUS is Elsevier's abstract and citation database, which is the world's largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. It covers research topics across all scientific and technical disciplines, ranging from medicine and social sciences to arts and humanities.
  • 1311 Articles Published in "Universal Journal of Educational Research" were Indexed by ERIC The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) database is an online digital library sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences of the U.S. Department of Education. ERIC is a core database to search for full-text journal articles and research reports in the field of education. 1311 articles published in this journal are indexed.
  • 7300 Renowned Experts Have Joined the Editorial Team We are pleased to announce our editorial team has been further extended. The total number of editors is 7300. This milestone has been reached by Jan 2016. We are thankful to all editors' contribution to the development of our journals.  
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You want to publish your paper, and it’s been accepted by a publisher you’ve never heard of before.  Be warned!  Predatory publishers are very adept at appearing legitimate.

Our library provides resources to help you find reliable publishers, and how to spot fraudulent companies posing as publishers., first, check out our libguide called:  where to publish your research ., next, review cabell’s nursing/health journals and predatory reports database, which lists over 18,000 journal titles identified as those from illegitimate publishing companies..

Cabells Predatory Reports page

Finally, learn more about open access publishing, policies and predatory publishers, by viewing the slideshow presentation: Open Access:  Policies, Publishers and Predators , generously shared by Janna Lawrence, MLIS, AHIP, FMLA, from the Hardin Library for the Health Sciences at the University of Iowa.

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Academic Publishers Threatened By Open-Access Expansion

Critics say a directive to make federally funded research immediately free to the public could violate authors’ copyrights. It could also disrupt the $19 billion academic publishing industry.

By  Kathryn Palmer

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Person trying to pry open locked cage with a light bulb inside

Some politicians and publishers argue that giving federal agencies a license to immediately publish scholarly research would violate authors’ copyright protections.

Photo illustration by Justin Morrison/Inside Higher Ed | GelatoPlus/Getty Images

Even as federal agencies work to implement the Nelson memo—a 2022 White House directive to make federally funded research freely available to the public immediately after publication—members of Congress are joining academic publishers in pushing back.

Under the directive, slated to go into effect by 2026, authors who use grant funding to produce research will be required to deposit their work into agency-designated public-access repositories as soon as it’s published. That change eliminates the existing option for authors or their publishers to place a 12-month embargo on public access to government-funded research publications, a rule that’s been in place since 2013.

Alondra Nelson, the former acting director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, wrote in the 2022 memo that bears her name that the goal of lifting the embargo is to promote “equity and advance the work of restoring the public’s trust in Government science, and to advance American scientific leadership.”

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Although open-access advocates and library groups support the move, opponents argue the new policy will limit researchers’ ability to maintain control of their published work—and cut into the $19 billion academic publishing industry ’s profit margins.

“Researchers should have the right to choose how and where they publish or communicate their research and should not be forced to disseminate their research in ways or under licenses that could harm its integrity or lead to its modification without their express consent,” the Senate and House Appropriations Committees both wrote in reports attached to their draft budget bills, which passed out of committee earlier this summer.

Carl Maxwell, vice president of public policy for the Association of American Publishers (AAP), said in an email to Inside Higher Ed that the organization applauds Congress’s latest efforts to scrutinize the Nelson memo and “protect the right of authors to determine how the articles, books, and reports they have written are licensed.”

Federal Purpose License

As tensions over open-access expansion mount in Washington, a growing number of academic library groups across the nation has expressed concern about the challenges of helping authors learn to comply with the new deposit policy, which many may encounter for the first time after the Nelson memo takes effect.

“In a worst-case scenario, authors who do not understand their grant requirements and the legal landscape may face negative enforcement actions from funders, disputes about copyrights or contracts, or roadblocks to publishing,” reads a recently drafted petition signed by dozens of individual librarians and library groups, including the Authors Alliance and SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition.

The petition encourages federal agencies to “level the playing field for authors” by applying the federal purpose license, a decades-old regulation that gives federal agencies that funded the publication of research “the royalty-free, nonexclusive and irrevocable right” to reproduce, publish or otherwise use the work.

Although federal purpose license advocates believe it will “provide grant recipients with a clear understanding of their obligations as authors [and] facilitate better compliance with funder requirements,” the House Appropriations Committee’s recently advanced bill prohibits agencies from exerting “broad” federal purpose authority.

Not a ‘Viable’ Path

Publishers don’t like the idea, either.

Maxwell, a registered lobbyist for the AAP , said that while “broad open licenses may make sense for some researchers,” others “may be rightfully concerned about inappropriate modification, or commercialization of their publication, and those authors should have the final say in who can modify and commercialize their work.”

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Although the copyright-focused argument is dominating the political opposition to the Nelson memo this year, last year the House Appropriations Committee tried—but failed—to block funding to implement it. Public comments submitted by the AAP and numerous other publishing groups, including the American Society of Civil Engineers, Springer Nature and Wiley, show the embargo lift is also creating financial anxieties.

“There is no viable way for scholarly societies and other publishers to continue to produce trustworthy, high-quality open access publications without any means to recoup the significant investments and expenses required for them to do so,” Maxwell wrote in a letter submitted on behalf of the AAP to the National Institute of Standards and Technology last August. “We are concerned about potential long-term effects of the new policy on the scholarly communication ecosystem.”

Currently, the academic publishing industry’s business model relies largely on an author’s willingness to submit work for free—or even pay to publish it—and the publisher’s ability to turn around and sell that research to academic libraries through expensive journal subscriptions. Libraries at doctoral-granting institutions spend about 80 percent of their materials budgets on such subscriptions, according to data from the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), which supports expanding open access of federally funded research and the federal purpose license.

“We don’t have any concerns about agencies limiting authors’ control over their works,” said Katherine Klosek, ARL’s director of information policy and federal relations. “These are nonexclusive licenses that authors are granting to agencies to use their work, so authors can retain those rights and choose to publish wherever they like in addition to complying with public access policies.”

Despite its purported concerns about copyright infringement, the publishing industry hasn’t always prioritized the rights of individual authors; last month the academic publishing giant Taylor & Francis angered many scholars by neglecting to mention it was selling their work to Microsoft for $10 million as part of an AI partnership.

Dave Hansen, executive director of the Authors Alliance, a California-based nonprofit that supports authors in disseminating their work, said authors already lack control because most closed-access subscription journals require them either to assign their copyright to the publisher or to grant the publisher exclusive rights.

“The idea that the federal government is exercising its right—before publishers swoop in—to reserve for itself this nonexclusive license is troubling to publishers that might worry that would limit their ability to exploit their exclusive rights for subscription revenue or other kinds of licensing deals,” he said. “But that’s not really a copyright conflict—that’s just a business model conflict.”

To address that conflict, publishers will first have to decide if they want to stop publishing research funded by the federal government, which finances nearly 55 percent of academic research and development, according to the National Science Board . “[For] most publishers, the answer would be absolutely not, because they’d have nothing to publish,” Hansen added.

He believes implementing the Nelson memo will also push publishers to make big decisions about how the industry should move forward in an age of open-access expansion.

“Do they adapt their business models and try to align more closely with what authors and funders want?” he said. “Or do they try to stick out the model they’ve developed, which is one that’s dependent on them trying to scoop up as much exclusive rights as they can for authors’ articles?”

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Connecting biodiversity and human dimensions through ecosystem services: The Numto Nature Park in West Siberia

  • Siberian Environmental Change
  • Published: 24 September 2021
  • Volume 50 , pages 2009–2021, ( 2021 )

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  • Tatiana Yu. Minayeva   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-8335 1 , 2 , 3 ,
  • Ilya V. Filippov 2 ,
  • Maria S. Tysiachniouk 4 , 5 , 7 ,
  • Anastasia V. Markina 1 ,
  • Stanislav B. Kiselev 2 , 6 ,
  • Elena D. Lapshina 2 &
  • Andrey A. Sirin 1  

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An assessment of the socio-ecological system of the Nature Park “Numto” in West Siberia was carried out based on ecosystem services (ES) mapping, applying a “cascade approach” which was modified according to the specific conditions of low commercial land-use by Indigenous Peoples and adopted with a focus on making it practicable and understandable by decision-makers. The ES values were defined through stakeholder analysis, while the mapping was based on the biophysical traits of the ecosystems and related spatial distribution of ecosystem functions. The mapped ecosystem values differ from the perceived ones. The assessment identified conflicting land uses and groups of stakeholders, including Indigenous Peoples vulnerable to future climate change-induced deficits in access to ES. The ES that are important for climate change mitigation and adaptation are not valued highly by Indigenous Peoples. ES mapping is suggested as an appropriate method for the development of straightforward recommendations for Nature Park management.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by a grant from the Yugra State University (№ 17-02-07/63, 11.09.2020), the AWERRS project "Arctic Wetlands Ecosystems—Resilience through Restoration & Stewardship"—a joint project of the Belmont Forum (CRA Arctic II) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Research Project 20-54-71002); a grant from the Government of Tyumen region in accordance with the Program of the World-Class West Siberian Interregional Scientific and Educational Center (National Project "Nauka"); The Finnish Academy Project (grant №333231) and a grant from the Government of the Khanty- Mansiysk Autonomous region (Research Project 18-44-860017). The authors developed and tested the method in several projects funded by Wetlands International during the period 2009-2015.

The authors are grateful to the Numto National Park administration and Surgutneftegaz LTD for the information provided, Y. Dukarev for data on GHG fluxes, N. Avetov, S. Trofimov, E. Shyshkonakova for soil data and soil map.

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Tatiana Yu. Minayeva, Anastasia V. Markina & Andrey A. Sirin

Yugra State University, Chekhov St. 16, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, 628012

Tatiana Yu. Minayeva, Ilya V. Filippov, Stanislav B. Kiselev & Elena D. Lapshina

Care for Ecosystems UG, Steinweg 2, 02826, Goerlitz, Germany

Tatiana Yu. Minayeva

Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

Maria S. Tysiachniouk

Centre for Independent Social Research, Ligovskiy Prospect 87, Office 301, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191040

St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation

Stanislav B. Kiselev

University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

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TM: conceptualization, methodology, writing, review and editing, supervision; IF: methodology, data curation, investigation, writing; MT: methodology, data curation, investigation, writing; AM: investigation; data management, data curation; SK: data curation, methodology, writing; EL: data curation, investigation; AS: data curation, editing.

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Minayeva, T., Filippov, I., Tysiachniouk, M. et al. Connecting biodiversity and human dimensions through ecosystem services: The Numto Nature Park in West Siberia. Ambio 50 , 2009–2021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01625-8

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Received : 23 March 2021

Revised : 16 June 2021

Accepted : 25 August 2021

Published : 24 September 2021

Issue Date : November 2021

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01625-8

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Simon Willison’s Weblog

SQL Has Problems. We Can Fix Them: Pipe Syntax In SQL ( via ) A new paper from Google Research describing custom syntax for analytical SQL queries that has been rolling out inside Google since February, reaching 1,600 "seven-day-active users" by August 2024.

A key idea is here is to fix one of the biggest usability problems with standard SQL: the order of the clauses in a query. Starting with SELECT instead of FROM has always been confusing, see SQL queries don't start with SELECT by Julia Evans.

Here's an example of the new alternative syntax, taken from the Pipe query syntax documentation that was added to Google's open source ZetaSQL project last week.

For this SQL query:

The Pipe query alternative would look like this:

The Google Research paper is released as a two-column PDF. I snarked about this on Hacker News:

Google: you are a web company. Please learn to publish your research papers as web pages.

This remains a long-standing pet peeve of mine. PDFs like this are horrible to read on mobile phones, hard to copy-and-paste from, have poor accessibility (see this Mastodon conversation ) and are generally just bad citizens of the web.

Having complained about this I felt compelled to see if I could address it myself. Google's own Gemini Pro 1.5 model can process PDFs, so I uploaded the PDF to Google AI Studio and prompted the gemini-1.5-pro-exp-0801 model like this:

Convert this document to neatly styled semantic HTML

This worked surprisingly well . It output HTML for about half the document and then stopped, presumably hitting the output length limit, but a follow-up prompt of "and the rest" caused it to continue from where it stopped and run until the end.

Here's the result (with a banner I added at the top explaining that it's a conversion): Pipe-Syntax-In-SQL.html

I haven't compared the two completely, so I can't guarantee there are no omissions or mistakes.

The figures from the PDF aren't present - Gemini Pro output tags like <img src="figure1.png" alt="Figure 1: SQL syntactic clause order doesn't match semantic evaluation order. (From [25].)"> but did nothing to help me create those images.

Amusingly the document ends with <p>(A long list of references, which I won't reproduce here to save space.)</p> rather than actually including the references from the paper!

So this isn't a perfect solution, but considering it took just the first prompt I could think of it's a very promising start. I expect someone willing to spend more than the couple of minutes I invested in this could produce a very useful HTML alternative version of the paper with the assistance of Gemini Pro.

One last amusing note: I posted a link to this to Hacker News a few hours ago. Just now when I searched Google for the exact title of the paper my HTML version was already the third result!

I've now added a <meta name="robots" content="noindex, follow"> tag to the top of the HTML to keep this unverified AI slop out of their search index. This is a good reminder of how much better HTML is than PDF for sharing information on the web!

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